risk

However, this young man had faith that he could do it, and in all kinds of weather he ran a marathon a day for weeks, running from the east coast of Canada nearly to Thunder Bay where cancer over took him.


The worst of all and the cancer of the retail path is gossip. Even after the age of 50 you should also not be suffering from cancerous conditions because your body is designed to stop most cases of cancer before they even start.


Previously, the only screening test for prostate cancer was a digital rectal exam. Inhibition of these reactions may help with anti-cancer treatment. For this reason, some treatments include hormone treatment for prostate cancer.


Cancer may be ubiquitous, creating turmoil and despair. Although most age spots are harmless blotches, the early stages of skin cancer can masquerade as innocent looking dark spots. Exposing skin – the face, ear, neck, lips, and the backs of the hands – to the sun causes most nonmelanoma skin cancer.


Also, they were able to walk faster and further in only four weeks and they experienced less cancer related fatigue than the control group. There a pathologist will determine if the cells are skin cancer forming cells. An experienced dermatologist can often determine whether a growth on the skin is or is not cancerous just by looking at it.


If one or both of your breasts are in pain, again it’s important to keep in mind that you don’t necessarily have breast cancer. While doctors don’t fully understand exactly what causes prostate cancer, there are some risk factors that do increase a man’s likelihood of developing this disease. This results in reduced risks of heart disease, cancer and improved immune system functions.


As scientists are researching ways to prevent and treat skin cancer, the results involving green tea are promising. Other diseases related to asbestos are lung cancer and asbestosis. And of course a diet that’s higher in dietary fibre that comes from a vegetarian diet will decrease the likelihood or risk of colon cancer.


This treatment involves the removal of the tumour and some adjacent healthy tissues in order to stem the cancer spread. If the samples reveal skin cancer, the dermatologist will remove the growth in one of a number of ways. In fact, only skin cancer is more common.


Women with breast cancer find that Femara and fertility concerns are congruent. Many health problems ranging from parasites to cancer can result from drinking contaminated water.


It is now possible for researchers to make sense of the causation of a variety of pathological conditions, including cancer, heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, Alzheimer’s and other diseases of old age, and to work towards counteracting and preventing these conditions.


There is an ever-increasing amount of research that suggests certain types of sugars can have an enormous benefit to our health, including boosting human immune response, to inhibiting cancerous tumour growth.


The cause of Mantle cell lymphoma and of the other cancers of the lymphatic system called lymphomas is represented by the errors that can occur in the production of a lymphocyte. Researchers in India discovered a link between the rise in carbonation consumption and esophageal cancer in America over the past two decades.


Actions may not ward off cancer (they did not for me); they will allow time to manage it quickly and wisely.


Before going into some things you can do to avoid prostate cancer it needs to be mentioned that there are unfortunately some obstacles that simply can’t be avoided. By using a sunless tanning lotion you can avoid the skin cancer risk that comes from the sun.

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The emergence of new and contradicting studies in the fields of Nutrition and Health each day has made it very difficult for one to decide what to believe and what not to.However, one fact that independent studies cannot deny is that with the increase in obesity and excess body fat come several associated health risks.


Studies have concluded that anyone who is overweight is potentially at a higher risk of suffering from a number of health problems such as high blood pressure,various heart ailments, Diabetes, Colon Cancer,gallstones Etc.


But the debate continues as to how much one would consider as being ‘Considerably Overweight’?


Although there is no fixed ideal weight for any given person there are certain factors that do provide an accurately healthy range .One such measurement is that of a BMI (Body Mass Index)which is calculated by dividing ones weight in Kilograms by ones height squared(meters).A rough classification for a BMI result is as follows :-


Under 18.5 = Underweight

18.5 – 24.99 = Normal Weight

25 – 29.99 = Overweight

30 – 34.99 = Obese (Class 1)

35 – 39.99 = Obese (Class 2)

40 and above = Extreme Obesity


For people who have a lower BMI, health risks are minimal but one cannot rule out genetic and environmental factors that can cause health problems.However, for those with a BMI of 25 and above, conclusive studies have proven that health risks are infinitely greater.


People who suffer from ‘Abnormal Obesity’ have large fat deposits around the stomach and abdomen and are prone to suffering from Cardiovascular diseases and Insulin resistance syndrome.For women to fall under this category their waist circumference should be 35 inches or more whereas for men it is 40 inches and above.Other risks associated with this health risk are high blood pressure and cholesterol.


Excessive body fat is particularly harmful as leads to the narrowing and clogging of the arteries which can eventually cause a stroke and/or hypertension.


For an average person, rapid weight gain from 10-20 pounds increases the odds of developing Type 2 Diabetes.Although genetic factors should be taken into account the fact of the matter is that an individual who has had rapid weight gain is at double the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes than a person who has not had any weight gain when other factors are held constant.


Studies have also discovered a direct correlation between high BMI levels and the degree of liver damage. Liver Disease can be caused by insulin resistance which is more likely to be found among those who are obese.


A rapid rise in BMI or obesity can also lead to the formation of gallstones and sleep apnea(an interruption of breathing during sleep).


In short,even though there are many genetic and environmental factors it has been found that excessive body fat is a major factor responsible for health issues.Nowadays, being obese is no longer an issue of simply being acceptable it has become a major health risk that people should be aware of.

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There has been a surge in recent years of people looking to alternative medicine for treatment of illness. It is a practice that generates a great deal of controversy both inside and outside of the traditional world of medicine, and an issue that some experts say does not receive enough attention.

What Is Alternative Medicine?
The most commonly accepted definition of alternative medicine is a treatment or substance that is untested or unproven using accepted scientific standards. Common types of alternative medicine include herbs, supplements, therapies and activity programs that fall outside of traditional medical practice and are questionable in terms of safety and effectiveness. For example, acupuncture, massage, meditation, herbal teas, and plant extracts are quite popular forms of alternative medicine that many medical doctors say are ineffective at best and dangerous at worst for some conditions.

Why Is Alternative Medicine So Popular?
Alternative medicine has grown in popularity as more and more people face the inevitable aches, pains and illnesses that come with aging. In some cases, traditional medicine has failed to produce a cure and patients go in search of other options for treatment of their illness. In other cases, patients believe strongly that natural methods of treating illness are superior to traditional medicine so they seek treatment from alternative practitioners rather than medical doctors.

The Risks Of Alternative Medicine
Some of the greatest risks associated with alternative medicine come from the use of substances that are untested, ineffective, and sometimes unsafe. The makers of such substances often make exaggerated claims of effectiveness and/or misrepresent the science associated with the substance in order to convince consumers to buy their product, even if use of the product may endanger the consumer’s health or well-being.

For example, some herbal remedies are promoted as having the ability to improve memory, increase metabolism, or even cure diseases like cancer and heart disease. In practice, though, some remedies may actually cause physiological harm when taken in excessive amounts, ephedra being one well-publicized recent example. Another risk is that a person with a serious condition such as cancer, heart disease or some other chronic illness will forego more traditional treatments that have been proven effective in favor of alternative treatments that are of questionable value. They may be literally risking their lives by treating illness with unproven alternative medicines rather than scientifically validated traditional medicines. Another common risk associated with alternative medicine is when a patient uses both traditional and alternative methods of treatment but does not disclose this to their medical doctor. It is very common for prescription medications to produce negative interactions when taken at the same time as alternative medicines like herbs and plant extracts. These interactions may range from diminished effectiveness all the way up to and including toxicity that causes serious harm. If the medical doctor is not made aware of any other substances the patient may be taking, he or she may unknowingly prescribe a medication that produces and unwanted or harmful interaction.

How To Recognize Potentially Risky Alternative Medicines
A good rule of thumb to follow is that if a product, substance or therapy sounds too good to be true then it probably is. While you may already be familiar with this cliché, it is worth repeating because it is often true when it comes to alternative medicine. Beware of any product that claims to be “miraculous”, “a scientific breakthrough”, “amazingly effective”, “an ancient remedy”, “a secret formula” or possess some other attribute that supposedly makes it superior to more traditional medicines.

If you are considering an alternative form of therapy, such as reflexology, acupuncture, biofeedback or the like, carefully check the qualifications of the therapy practitioner before undergoing treatment. What kind of training has he or she received, and is that training from a reputable source? Research the treatment itself to determine if it is something that has been scientifically tested, evaluated, and found to be effective. Don’t take the practitioner’s word for it, and don’t accept at face value the claims of anyone who stands to make money or benefit in some way if you choose to undergo the treatment.

Finally, ask your doctor about any form of alternative medicine that you are considering. If you don’t feel comfortable doing so then find a doctor with whom you feel more at ease and discuss the alternative treatment you are considering. Remember that a trained medical professional has the education and experience to help you make good, safe decisions about whether or not to use alternative medicine.

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Pancreatic cancer is currently the fifth most common form of cancer in the United States and is diagnosed in around 40,000 Americans each year. In most cases pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor survival outcome. Just 1 in 20 people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer will still be alive after five years.

The main reason pancreatic cancer has such a poor survival outcome is that the majority of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is at a very late stage. This is due to the non-specific symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer in its early stages. Early warning signs of pancreatic cancer include pain in the upper abdomen, jaundice, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

There are several risk factors that are known to affect an individuals probability of developing pancreatic cancer. While some of these cannot be changed, several can be influenced by sensible lifestyle and diet modifications.

Here are eleven of the more established risk factors for pancreatic cancer.

Age: The incidence of pancreatic cancer increases dramatically with age. Pancreatic cancer is extremely rare in people under the age of 50 with under 5% of all cases being diagnosed in this age bracket. Three-quarters of all cases of pancreatic cancer occur in people over the age of sixty.

Gender: As is the case with most other forms of cancer, males are around 10% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than females.

Race: African Americans are 50% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer in their lifetimes than Caucasians. Native Hawaiians and New Zealand Maoris also have relatively high rates of pancreatic cancer.

Obesity: People who are overweight, and in particular those who carry a large amount of abdominal fat are at a greater risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

Diabetes: People who have been diagnosed with diabetes are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer.

Family History: It is thought that around 10% of pancreatic cancers are inherited. A first degree relative who has been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer increases your chances of developing the disease three-fold.

Smoking: Heavy smokers who have been smoking for at least twenty years are at almost twice the risk of developing pancreatic cancer as non-smokers. Former smokers, light smokers, and tobacco chewers are also at a greater risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

Diet: A fatty diet, a diet high in red or processed meat, a high cholesterol diet, and a diet lacking in fresh fruit and vegetables are all thought to be linked to an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

Physical Inactivity: People who engage in physical exercise less than once a week are at a significantly higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer than those who exercise three or more times a week.

Exposure To Carcinogens: Exposure to certain carcinogenic chemicals such as pesticides, dyes, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and asbestos dust may increase a persons chances of developing pancreatic cancer.

Alcohol Consumption The evidence for a link between pancreatic cancer and alcohol is mixed. Heavy drinking can cause pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) which has been linked to pancreatic cancer.

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Have you been told by your doctor to lower cholesterol levels through your diet? Or are you one of millions of Americans that realize, heart disease has reached epic proportions in this country and are looking for natural ways to lower cholesterol? Don’t distress; there are several ways to lower cholesterol without prescription statin drugs and their possible dangerous side effects.

“High cholesterol” is actually a misnomer for the improper balance between HDL cholesterol (most commonly referred to as “good” cholesterol) and LDL cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol because it is the major cause of blockages in blood vessels, leading to heart attack and stroke). When the LDL cholesterol level is extremely elevated in relation to the HDL cholesterol level, your doctor may prescribe statin drugs such as Lipitor or Crestor, and recommend you to try a lower cholesterol diet, to bring these cholesterol numbers back into a more proper and safer range.

Cholesterol from food is hard to get away from, even though you may be watching your diet. All foods of animal origin contain cholesterol, especially including eggs, red meat, and shrimp. Generally, foods that are high in saturated fats or trans fats should also be limited. These include foods you may not even think of, such as: grilled cheese sandwiches, margarine, potato with butter, and even chicken pot pie. Fortunately, a national campaign has recently eliminated trans fats from being used by the many fast food restaurants. This will surely reduce some of the high cholesterol numbers across the nation over the long run.

Lowering cholesterol through your diet is a good start to “lower cholesterol,” but other things can be done to affect your goal. You can lower cholesterol through more exercise. But exercise alone will not reduce cholesterol, lower cholesterol must be attacked from within the body. It has been discovered that several herbs and vitamins can be used in combination with your diet to lower cholesterol.

Guggul, cayenne, policosanol, garlic, vitamin C and niacin are just a few of the herbs and vitamins that have been clinically proven to bring cholesterol levels back into a proper and safe range. Lowering cholesterol naturally with these herbs and vitamins, in conjunction with diet and exercise, have been shown in medical studies to reduce high LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol levels within 30-60 days. Studies have also documented that use of these herbs and vitamins while taking statin drugs, resulted in a more rapid correction to proper cholesterol levels than taking statin drugs alone. You can get more cholesterol information that will help you lower cholesterol at my website, www.GreatNewsHealth.com. We can all benefit from lower cholesterol, which will lead to a longer, more enjoyable, and productive life for everyone.

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Age is likely the most important overall factor associated with breast cancer risk.  Breast cancer risk increases in the older post-menopausal population.  For this reason, all breast cancer screening recommendations are based primarily on age.  Obesity, however, may be the single most preventable risk factor associated with breast cancer.  With the dramatic increase in obesity in the U.S., this may be the number one reason for a persistently high incidence in breast cancer.  Other physical factors also play some roles in breast cancer risk.  These include height, body shape, breast size, and mammographic density.  These physical factors are summarized below.

Body Weight and Breast Cancer:  A woman’s body weight does affect her risk of breast cancer but the effect is different for premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.  Most studies have found that heavier women (weighing more than 175 pounds) have a lower risk of breast cancer before menopause and higher risk of breast cancer after menopause, compared to thinner women (weighing less than 130 pounds).  Since 80% of breast cancers occur after menopause, the negative effects of obesity far outweigh the beneficial effects.  The results are the same whether body weight is examined directly or if body mass index is used to adjust for the effects of height on body weight.

Body Shape and Breast Cancer:  Several human studies have found that women who carry more of their body fat on their stomach (apple shaped) have higher rates of postmenopausal breast cancer compared to women with more of their body fat around their hips (pear shaped).  This seems to be true regardless of women’s body weight.  The relationship of the location of fat on the body and premenopausal breast cancer risk has not been clearly determined

Height and Breast Cancer:  A woman’s height has been associated with breast cancer risk in many studies.  Taller women (5′ 9″ or taller) have a small increase in risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer compared to shorter women (5′ 3″ or shorter).  A person’s height is determined by the interaction of genetics and nutrition.  How height might affect breast cancer risk is unclear.  

Breast Size and Breast Cancer:  There is a popular belief that small breasts are at lower risk of breast cancer.  This theory has been used to explain why women with breast implants have a smaller risk of breast cancer.  However, most studies have found no association between breast size and breast cancer risk.  One study, however, did find an increase in the risk of breast cancer among lean women with larger breasts.  In this study, more than 4,000 women were grouped according to their bra size before childbirth.  Women who were lean (chest size less than 34 inches) and had larger breasts (size B, C or larger cups) were at higher risk of post menopausal breast cancer relative to women of the same chest size with an A or smaller cup size.  Women with other chest sizes had no association between breast cup size and breast cancer risk.  More studies are needed to confirm these results

Mammographic density:  Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that breast density as measured on mammograms is a significant risk factor for breast cancer.  The risk of breast cancer associated with the highest category of density has been estimated to be much greater than in the lowest density category.  Mammographic density appears to be predictive for developing invasive cancer after DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ).  Increasing density is associated with increasing breast cancer risk in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with the effect persisting for ten years after mammography.  Mammographic density has also been shown to be a risk factor for breast cancer in women with a family history of the disease.  Mammographic density is probably important even in patients who are BRCA gene positive.  In fact, mammographic density may actually have a substantial heritable component.

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This article discusses the risks involved with having a high cholesterol level. It discusses how lower cholesterol will improve significantly your risk of heart disease.


Do you personally need a lower cholesterol reading to help reduce heart disease risk? If you do not know the answer, then it is highly important that you consult your doctor to have tests taken. There are multiple risks involved, if untreated.


Many people do not realize that high cholesterol plays a role in increasing the chance of developing heart disease. Paying attention to having a lower cholesterol reading is important.


Cholesterol is not all bad as it is an essential building block for new cells; it produces hormones in the body and it serves as insulation for nerves. Cholesterol comes from two sources – it is produced by the liver and also comes from food sources that are animal based, examples being eggs, meat and milk. A certain amount of cholesterol is necessary but when it gets to be too much, it constitutes a high risk factor for heart disease. At that point, achieving a lower cholesterol reading is extremely important.


High cholesterol is a widespread problem. When there is too much cholesterol circulating in the blood it ends up building up in the artery walls and if this problem is left unchecked then atherosclerosis (or hardening of the arteries) takes place. The arteries do not really harden but they instead narrow and cause blood flow to and from the muscle of the heart to become blocked or slowed down tremendously. Blood carries oxygen back and forth to the heart and a narrowing of the walls of the arteries makes it difficult for the sufficient passage of blood and oxygen to take place. Chest discomfort and pain is often noted when atherosclerosis is taking place. When the supply of blood is totally cut off to any areas of the heart, the consequence of this is a heart attack.


There are basically two different kinds of cholesterol. There is the low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is often commonly called in laymans terms, “bad” cholesterol and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is the “good” cholesterol. The letters correspond with how the cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream and delineate the amount of proteins and cholesterol. For example, LDL has a great deal of cholesterol but a minimum of protein whereas HDL has lower cholesterol (minimal) and a tremendous amount of protein. It is LDL cholesterol that is responsible for causing plaque to clog the arteries whereas the HDL or good cholesterol helps get rid of the bad cholesterol from the bloodstream. Another type of fat that is found in the bloodstream is triglyceride. More and more research is being done into triglycerides all of the time and they have been found in high amounts to be connected with the development of heart disease.


High cholesterol in and of itself does not produce any symptoms therefore it is essential to have your cholesterol levels checked through a simple blood test in order to determine what your HDL and LDL levels are. It is recommended by the medical community that every individual over the age of 20 years should have their cholesterol levels checks at least once in a five-year period. The blood analysis that is used to determine cholesterol levels is known as a lipoprotein profile. Four measurements will be taken on a cholesterol test and these include the total cholesterol level, the LDL “bad” cholesterol, the HDL “good” cholesterol and the triglycerides.


A person whose total cholesterol is less than 200 (lower cholesterol) is at a desirable rate; total cholesterol that is 200 to 239 is borderline high and 240 and over is high. LDL cholesterol that is less than 100 is optimal, while 100 to 129 is near optimal or above optimal and with HDL, the higher the number, the better it is. HDL cholesterol that measures 60 or more is at a desirable rate while less than 400 considered a major risk factor. Triglycerides that are less than 150 are at a normal or desirable rate while 150 to 199 is borderline high and 200 or more is high and may necessitate the need for medication in some individuals.

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Greater levels of selenium, vitamin E and the tomato carotenoid lycopene have been shown to reduce prostate cancer in one out of every four Caucasian males, or those who inherit a specific genetic variation that is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress, say US researchers.

Conversely, if carriers of this genetic variant have low levels of these vitamins and minerals, their risk of aggressive prostate increases substantially, as great as 10-fold, over those who maintain higher levels of these nutrients, they write in today’s issue of Cancer Research.

“This large prospective study provides further evidence that oxidative stress may be one of the important mechanisms for prostate cancer development and progression, and adequate intake of antioxidants, such as selenium, lycopene and vitamin E, may help prevent prostate cancer,” said Dr Haojie Li, a researcher at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School.

The new findings are based on an analysis of 567 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1982 and 1995, and 764 cancer-free men from the Physicians Health Study.

The initial goal of this study was to assess the effect of aspirin and beta-carotene on men’s health. Li’s team decided to check for variants of the gene that codes for manganese superoxide dismutatase (MnSOD), an important enzyme that works as an antioxidant in human cells to defend against disease.

The MnSOD gene is passed from parents to offspring in one of three forms: VV, VA or AA.

“Compared with men with the MnSOD VV or VA genotype, people with the AA genotype seem to be more sensitive to the antioxidant status,” said Li. “Men with the AA genotype are more susceptible to prostate cancer if their antioxidant levels are low.”

The study’s results found that a quarter of the men in the study carried the MnSOD AA genotype, half carried the VA genotype, and the remaining quarter carried the VV genotype.

The results indicated that the VA and VV men were at equivalent risk for developing prostate cancer across all levels of antioxidants in their blood.

But compared to MnSOD VV or VA carriers in the lowest quartile of selenium levels, MnSOD AA males had an 89 per cent greater risk for developing aggressive prostate cancer if they had low blood levels of the mineral.

On the other hand, MnSOD AA carriers with high selenium – those men in the highest quartile – had a 65 per cent lower risk than the MnSOD VV or VA males who maintained low levels of selenium.

“The levels of selenium in the highest quartile of these men are not abnormally high,” Li said. “Our range is neither extremely high nor extremely low.”

While similar trends were observed for lycopene and vitamin E when tested independently, the contrast in relative risk was most pronounced for the men who had high blood levels for all three antioxidants combined, said the researchers.

“Among men with the MnSOD AA genotype, we observed a 10-fold difference in risk for aggressive prostate cancer, when comparing men with high versus low levels of antioxidants combined,”said Li. “In contrast, among men with the VV or VA genotype, the prostate cancer risk was only weakly altered by these antioxidant levels.”

“Our study, as well as many other epidemiological studies, encourages dietary intake of nutrients such as lycopene from tomato products, or supplements for vitamin E and selenium to reduce risk of prostate cancer,” said Li.

Prostate cancer is one of the biggest cancer killers in industrial countries and affects more than 500,000 men worldwide every year. This number is expected to increase with the ageing population.

Similar interactions between dietary antioxidants and the variations in the MnSOD gene have previously been linked to risk for breast cancer.

For more information visit: Prostacet

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Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Diabetes means a disease where people have too much sugar in their blood. The three main types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease results when the body’s system for fighting infection (the immune system) turns against a part of the body. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually develop over a short period, although beta cell destruction can begin years earlier. Symptoms include increased thirst and urination, constant hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, and extreme fatigue. The most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. About 90 to 95 percent of people with diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and ethnicity. About 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop gradually. Symptoms may include fatigue or nausea, frequent urination, unusual thirst, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing of wounds or sores.

Diabetes is not contagious. People cannot “catch” it from each other. About 3 to 8 percent of pregnant women in the United States develop gestational diabetes. The cause of diabetes continues to be a mystery, although both genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play roles. There are 20.8 million children in the United States, or 7% of the population, who have diabetes. While an estimated 14.6 million have been diagnosed with diabetes, unfortunately, 6.2 million people (or nearly one-third) are unaware that they have the disease. Diabetes mellitus is a disease where people have too much glucose (a kind of sugar) in the blood. Glucose level in the blood is controlled by several hormones. Hormones are chemicals in your body that send messages from cells to other cells. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas. Diabetes is likely to be underreported as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. About 65 percent of deaths among those with diabetes are attributed to heart disease and stroke.

Obesity is the single most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Between 80% and 90% of people with diabetes are overweight–that means they weigh at least 20% more than the ideal body weight for their height and build. More than 40 percent of people with diabetes have abnormal levels of cholesterol and similar fatty substances that circulate in the blood. These abnormalities appear to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among persons with diabetes. Nearly 40 percent of the women who have diabetes during their pregnancy go on to develop type 2 diabetes later, usually within five to ten years of giving birth. Diabetes prevalence in the United States is likely to increase for several reasons. First, a large segment of the population is aging. Education is important for both types of diabetes. Diabetics must learn about diet. Diabetics must also be careful about exercise. Exercise is important to stay healthy. High Cholesterol or other fats in the blood and Impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose can precede the development of type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes Treatment Tips

1. Medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar and prevent symptoms and complications.

2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is treated with insulin, exercise, and a healthy diet.

3. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is first treated with weight reduction, a healthy diet and regular exercise.

4. Gestational diabetes is treated with insulin and changes in diet.

5. Alcohol use Try to have no more than 7 alcoholic drinks in a week and never more than 2-3 in an evening.

6. Smoking: If you have diabetes, and you smoke cigarettes or use any other form of tobacco, you are raising your risks markedly for nearly all of the complications of diabetes.

7. Diet: A healthy diet is key to controlling blood sugar levels and preventing diabetes complications.

8. Drink extra fluids that do not contain sugar before, during, and after exercise.

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Breast cancer is a largely unknown disease until today, despite the fact that it affects almost ten percent of the women above the age of forty years all over the world. The causes of this killer cancer are not known even after decades of research into it. Similarly it is unknown why some women have higher chances of getting breast cancers than others.

Though the causative factors are not known, some risk factors have been identified. There is no medical proof why these factors make the disease more probable, but this is a study of observation. In a vast cross-section of women with the observed risk factors, it has been found that the chances of getting breast cancers are very high.

The various risk factors for breast cancer are as follows:-

(1) Family History of Breast Cancer

If a near relative like a mother or a sister has had breast cancer, then there is a very high chance that the cancer will occur sometime in life. This propensity is observed even if far relatives such as cousins and aunts have had breast cancer, though the chances are lesser as the relatives are more removed. Even if a male relative has had breast cancer or prostate cancer, then there is a chance of getting breast cancer. This clearly indicates that breast cancer runs through family lines through inheritance. Certainly the chances are very high if more than one family member has had breast cancer.

(2) Personal History of Breast Cancer

If a woman has had breast cancer in the past, then there is a great chance that the breast cancer may recur. This is true even if the cancer had been removed in its benign stage itself. Sometimes the cancer cells spread into the nearby lymph. This makes a possibility that the cancer will occur in the opposite breast. In fact, women who have had cancer in one breast have 50 to 75% more chances of developing the cancer in the other breast.

(3) Diseases of the Breast

Several breast diseases can increase the chances of having breast cancer. Changes in the cells of the breasts can lead to atypical hyperplasia. This condition can cause a three to fourfold increase in the possibility of getting breast cancer in the later years. This risk also exists if the atypical hyperplasia has occurred in other women of the family. Another such condition is the benign breast tumor condition known as fibro adenoma. However, women with fibrocystic breasts generally do not have any added vulnerability to breast cancer. Yet, such conditions could make the breasts lumpy and hide the real tumors (if any) during mammography.

(4) Lifestyle

In today’s world, lifestyle is the single largest contributing factor for the proliferation of breast cancer among women. Several elements of the lifestyle have been found to be directly accordant with the prevalence of breast cancer. Smoking and alcoholism in women are among the chief factors. Even diet has been pointed out as an important risk factor. Women who consume a diet with more high-cholesterol fats in them have higher chances of breast cancer. At the same time leading a sedentary lifestyle without indulging much in physical activity are also potentially dangerous.

(5) Radiation

It has been found that women who undergo radiation therapies in their chest region at a young age have an increased risk of developing breast cancer in their later lives. Radiation therapy is generally prescribed for women with conditions like Hodgkin’s disease or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. So women who have undergone such treatments may get breast cancer in their later years.

(6) Hormonal Imbalances There are several factors that can change the hormone balance of the body. Some of them are:- a) Beginning the menstrual cycle early, i.e. before the age of twelve years, b) Having the first pregnancy after the age of thirty years, c) Having no pregnancy at all, d) Having a late menopause. All these conditions can increase the level of estrogen in the body. This increases the risk of getting breast cancer to a mild extent. Apart from that women who take regular birth control pills, breast enhancement supplements, antidepressants and antihistamines and hormone modifying supplements stand at a higher risk to get breast cancers.

The above are the major risk factors for breast cancers. But since the study on breast cancers is not yet complete, the above is by no means a complete list. There are several other indications of breast cancers, like breast implant operations; but these have not yet been confirmed. The implants used in the earlier days were made of silicone gels. These were riskier in terms of breast cancer. However, nowadays the silicone gel implants have been replaced by saline implants. This has reduced the risk to a great extent.

It must be also noted that women have much higher chances of getting breast cancer than men. In fact, most people think that breast cancer is a disease that affects only women. This is not true. Men also get breast cancers, but to a much lesser degree than women. Also, age is a very important factor. The chances of getting breast cancer are much higher when the woman has crossed the age of 50 years.

Read more about the Breast Cancer Information and other breast care issues at http://www.mysecrethealth.com

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Most dog owners do not really think of the possibility that their dog will acquire diabetes. Thus, they do not take any preventive measures, only to realize too late that their dog already has one. The number of dogs diagnosed with such disease is increasing and this should already be a wakeup call for dog owners to make sure they do something before it happens to their dogs.

Canine diabetes not only causes insulin deficiency, it will also bring about many complications such as cataracts (which will eventually result to blindness), infections, ketoacidosis, and pancreatitis.

So, who are at risk? Below are some factors that will help to determine if your dog is at risk or not.

Obesity

This is the biggest factor to consider. If your dog overeats and becomes overweight, this will eventually lead to diabetes. This also holds true for dogs that are often given plenty of treats. You may be rewarding and keeping your dog happy for the time being but after a period of time, this will lead to serious problems on his health.

If you truly care for your dog, feed him nutritious foods such as those rich in carbohydrates and fiber.

Old Age and Gender

Studies show that female dogs are three times more prone to become diabetic than their male counterparts. Estrogen can affect the production of insulin and this could be the cause. Moreover, older dogs have higher likelihood of diabetes.

Drug Intake

There are certain types of drugs that can trigger the occurrence of canine diabetes. Among these would be glucocortisones, which increase estrogen-production. As mentioned earlier, this particular hormone affects the production of insulin.

Breed

Some breeds are more likely to become diabetic than others. Among these breeds are: Golden Retrievers, Schnauzers, Poodles, Miniature Pinchers, Beagles, and German Shepherds.

Now that you know who are high-risk, you probably want to find out if this condition can be cured. Well, there is no cure for canine diabetes at the moment, BUT it can be managed. There are natural remedies such as diet and exercise which you can provide for your dog. You can also make use of herbal remedies and insulin injectibles to make sure that insulin production remains normal, or at least close to normal range.

But of course, the best thing to do is to prevent your dog from becoming diabetic. As a dog owner, the welfare of your pet is your responsibility. So, while you still can, make sure you keep your dog healthy and well through exercise, diet, and good grooming.

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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in American women. Approximately one out of eight women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. It would be so nice to tell ahead of time which is the unlucky one out of every eight patients. But there is simply no reliable method to accurately predict the future occurrence of breast cancer in any one individual patient. Everyone must understand that the individual breast cancer risk calculated by mathematical models merely refers to the group of women that the individual patient belongs to. To calculate your risk, please refer to my website progressreportoncancer.wordpress.com.

The consensus opinion in the field of breast cancer research is that there is no known cause for this most common disease, with the exception of the BRCA gene, which accounts for a very small percentage of breast cancer cases. While many risk factors for breast cancer have been identified, risk does not equal cause. In various population studies, some clinically significant risk factors have been identified, including but not limited to first degree family history, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and radiation exposure. Other population studies have reported “soft” risk factors, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, hormone replacement therapy, previous benign breast biopsies, age at first childbirth, and others. However, on an individual basis, there is no reliable method to predict who will develop breast cancer. Furthermore, there is no way to determine what role, if any, a particular risk factor plays in the development of an individual’s breast cancer, with the exception of a genetic link (BRCA gene). In an individual woman, identification of specific risk factors is absolutely not the same as identification of any cause or contributing factor to the development of breast cancer. Therefore, if you should become diagnosed with breast cancer, you should NOT blame yourself. Sure, you could have eaten more healthily and exercised more, but there was absolutely nothing you could do to guarantee that breast cancer would never happen to you. The only risk factor that rises to the level of a causative role is the BRCA gene, and most certainly you could not have picked your own biological parents.

“It’s tough making predictions, especially about the future”, a statement attributed to many individuals before me.

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Much has been written about pesticides and pollutants as being major contributors to cancers today. According to the National Toxicology Program at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there are 52 chemicals known to contribute to cancers of all kinds in humans and 176 chemicals reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. Lung and mammary cancers are the most common types of cancers that are found in animal based studies of potential carcinogens. Despite this data, most experts believe that more relevant environmental risks involve diet, lifestyle, and factors related to a prolonged exposure to estrogens. However, a brief discussion of some proven and unproven chemicals associated with breast cancer risk is worthwhile.

Smoking: Researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York examined the association between cigarette smoking and incidence of breast cancer in a cohort of women who had smoked for up to 40 years. The women were subsequently followed for an average of 10.6 years. Their risk of breast cancer was 60% higher than that of women who had never smoked. Among those who smoked 20 cigarettes or more a day for 40 years, the increased risk rose to an 83% increase.

DDT: DDT and its metabolite DDE are weakly estrogenic organochlorine pesticides that accumulate in the food chain and collect in human adipose tissues through the consumption of animal products. Although several studies showed no link when blood DDT levels were checked many years after exposure, a recent study based on samples from blood collected during perinatal periods showed that women heavily exposed to the pesticide DDT during childhood are five times as likely to develop breast cancer later in life.

Other Pesticides: Other pesticides including endosulfan, toxaphene and dieldrin have been implicated as causing breast cancer based on animal studies, but their contribution to human breast cancer is unclear.

Commercial Product Chemicals: A long list of chemicals found in common commercial products have been implicated in breast cancer. This list includes industrial solvents (trichloroethylene, toluene and benzene), plastic water bottles and baby bottles (bisphenol-A), and polyvinyl chloride, a ubiquitous chemical found in food packaging, medical products, appliances, cars and toys. Again, the significance of their contribution to human breast cancer is unclear.

Pollutants: A very well studied group of chemicals collectively called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have also been implicated in breast cancer. The most common sources of these chemicals include charbroiled meat, cigarette smoke, car exhaust, and burning fuel.

Radiation exposure: Mounting evidence suggests that X-ray and gamma-ray exposure may be a significant and causative factor, particularly if the exposure is during childhood or early adulthood. Radiation therapy done for Tuberculosis and dermatologic conditions and radiation exposure from atomic bombs have been proven to cause breast cancer. The most important factor in radiation exposure is the dose of radiation. This is why efforts have been made to decrease the radiation from mammograms by 10-fold. The energy level of the radiation may also be important. Several epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk of breast cancer among female airline attendants (1.9 fold increased risk). The likely cause for airline attendant’s increased cancer risk is exposure to cosmic radiation (neutrons and gamma rays), which have much higher energy than X-rays.

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It is alarming to know that every year diabetes mellitus kills more than 70,000 United States residents and about 20 million people in U. S. alone suffer from this disease. Five in hundred people in the U. K. are affected with diabetes. In Canada about 6 per cent of their population is with diabetes mellitus which invariably accounts for about 20,000 deaths annually according to experts. In addition, diabetes is a contributory factor in heart diseases and other related health conditions.

Diabetes is caused by the body resistance to, or deficiency of the hormone insulin which helps in removal of excess sugar from the blood stream into the body cells so that it can be used as a source of energy.

If this hormone insulin is deficient or ineffective, blood sugar rises causing excessive urination, hunger and thirst. Apart from excess urine, additional symptoms may include weight loss, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, irritability, weakness and fatigue.

There are two main types of diabetes:

Type 1: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or otherwise known as juvenile onset diabetes, this type normally starts at childhood or early adulthood and has a very strong genetic components. This type is characterized by a complete lack of insulin as the name implies and must be treated with regular insulin injections.

This type 1 diabetes is also an autoimmune disease (that is a condition whereby the body disease fighting immune system attacks the healthy tissues and cells). In this case the immune system attacks and destroys insulin producing cells in the pancreas.

Type 2: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or maturity onset diabetes tends to develop in middle age or older individuals particularly those who are obese.

In this case the pancreas secrets enough insulin, but the body cells seem resistant to the effects making the body to release more insulin in the blood by trying to overcome the resistance.

Most cases of type 2 diabetes can be managed with a combination of diet, exercise and oral medication. Symptoms include repeated infections or skin sore that heals slowly or not at all, numbness in the hand or feet, tiredness and nausea.

For women, it is particularly important because diabetes seems to affect the female hormone and as a result, many women with diabetes develop coronary heart disease. Diabetes may cause blockage of large blood vessels that can lead to severe cardiovascular problems.

Studies have shown that some environmental factors can trigger type 1 diabetes in people with genetic predisposition for the disease.

Researchers attribute type 2 diabetes to obesity. So every pound of excess weight you gain increases your chance by 5 per cent at least.

Treatment includes controlling the amount of glucose in your blood stream depending on the type of diabetes, physical exercise, controlled diet and medication makes it less common. Most importantly, check your blood sugar regularly and see your physician for a more qualified advice.

A couple of drugs like, Glucophage, Actos, Precose, Avandis and many others have been developed to help with type 2 diabetes. Consult your doctor for a detailed and proper form of treatment.

Knowledge is power, so Learn and Live!

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In the study performed by the US researchers and published in the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) in October 2008, a total of 3,234 overweight people participated in a three-year diabetes prevention program. The participants were segregated into three groups: The first group, called the lifestyle intervention group, received intensive training in diet, physical activity, and behavior modification. By eating less fat and fewer calories and exercising for a total of 150 minutes a week, they aimed to lose 7 percent of their body weight and maintain that loss. The second group took the popular anti-diabetic drug Metformin (850mg twice a day), and the third receiving a placebo (an inert sugar-type pill labeled exactly like the Metformin drug). The Metformin and placebo groups also received information about diet and exercise but no intensive motivational counseling. At the beginning there was also a fourth group receiving the drug Troglitazone (Rezulin). This group was discontinued when it was discovered that Rezulin has the potential to cause serious liver damage.

After concluding the three-year prevention program, all participants had access to ongoing lifestyle coaching and were frequently monitored regarding their glucose blood levels over a period of ten years.

Dieters gather the most benefit

The study clearly shows that overweight people reducing their weight by 7 percent, combined with a 30 minute daily exercise program, achieve a reduction of developing Type 2 diabetes by 58 percent compared with the people of the placebo group. Weight loss and physical activity improve the body’s ability to use insulin and process glucose and thus reduce the risk of developing diabetes. This finding was true for both men and women and across all participating ethnic groups. Weight reduction in particular was beneficial for participants over 60 years who achieved this way a diabetes risk reduction of 71 percent.

The group applying Metformin also showed a significant diabetes 2 risk reduction of 31 percent. Metformin was found to be most effective in men and women between 25 and 44 years and in those with a body mass index of 35 or higher (i.e. with at least 60 pounds overweight) and least effective in people over 45 years old.

Further analysis of the data also have added to the evidence that changes in diet and physical activity leading to weight loss not only reduce diabetes risk but also risk of cardiovascular diseases, including high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. Participants in the lifestyle intervention group who did not have metabolic syndrome at the beginning of the study—about half of the participants—were less likely to develop it than those in the other groups.

This study is one more proof of the importance of weight control and physical exercises for personal wellness and good health. It clearly shows that lifestyle factors (obesity and sedentary lifestyle) are very important in triggering the genetic elements that cause Type 2 diabetes. People having somebody in the family suffering this disease should pay special attention to these results and considering them as a motivation for applying a rigorous weight control and routinely physical training program.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States.  In 2008, approximately 184,450 patients were estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and an estimated 40,930 were estimated to die of this disease.   Furthermore, over 50,000 female carcinoma in situ breast cases would have been diagnosed.  The etiology of breast cancer is poorly understood with multiple genetic and environmental factors involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. 

 

Scandinavian Twin Study:  For years, there has been a hot debate as to whether the cause of breast cancer is genetic or environmental.  Then in 2000, Lichtenstein and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden published their study of 44,788 pairs of twins from the Swedish, Danish, and Finnish twin registries.  In this study, they looked at cancer risk with 28 different types of cancers and did statistical modeling of genetic and hereditary contributions in eleven different cancer types.  For breast cancer, they clearly showed that only 27% of breast cancers were due to genetic factors.  This was an even lower hereditary component than other common cancers such as prostate and colorectal.  This study and others have confirmed the fact that over 70% of breast cancers are influenced by environmental factors.

 

BRCA genes:  Although much attention has been made about hereditary breast cancer, only two genes are commonly tested for breast cancer risk assessment.  These two genes are tumor suppressor genes named “BRCA1” and “BRCA2” that are involved with DNA repair.  These two genes only account for about 5% of all breast cancers.  Because of the Scandinavian twin study, most experts believed that there are other yet to be discovered genes involved with breast cancer.  Because the chance of having a BRCA mutation in the general population is so low, genetic testing is not indicated in most patients.  However, if a patient has a family history of breast cancer, then a mathematical model can be used to determine if BRCA testing is indicated.  The likelihood of being a BRCA carrier increases with the number of relatives who had cancer and if the cancers occurred earlier in life.  For example, in families with four or more cases of breast or ovarian cancer under the age of 60, over 80% are found to have a damaged version of BRCA1 or BRCA2.  If a patient is a carrier of one or both of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, her risk of breast cancer dramatically increases.  According to estimates of lifetime risk, about 13.2% (132 out of 1,000 individuals) of women in the general population will develop breast cancer, compared with estimates of 36-85% (360-850 out of 1,000) of women with an altered BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.  In other words, women with an altered BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 gene are up to eight times more likely to develop breast cancer than women without alterations in those genes.  The BRCA1 mutation confers a higher risk than a BRCA2 mutation.  Women who inherit a damaged BRCA1 gene have a 60-85% chance of developing breast cancer at some stage in their lives and a 20-40% chance of developing ovarian cancer.  For BRCA2, the risks are 40-60% and 10-20%, respectively.  

 

Family History and Breast Cancer:  Although the spotlight in hereditary breast cancer has been directed on the BRCA genes, the majority of patients with a family history of breast cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative.  Even in these BRCA negative patients, however, there is an increased risk of developing cancer with a family history of breast cancer.   Six factors (unrelated to BRCA genes) have been studied in patients with a family history of breast cancer.  They are as follows:

 

1.  Degree of relationship:  If the family member with a history of cancer is a first degree relative, the increased risk is much greater than for second degree relatives. 

2.  Number of relatives who have had breast cancer:  People with two or more family members who have had breast cancer are at higher risk than those with only one affected relative.

3.  Age of onset of cancer:  If the relative developed breast cancer at an early age (pre-menopausal), the risk is higher than if the relative developed post menopausal breast cancer.

4.  Bilateral breast cancer:  If the relative has a history of bilateral breast cancer, the risk is greater than having a relative with unilateral breast cancer.

5.  Gender of the relative:  If the family member with breast cancer is a man, the risk is higher.

6.  Other related early onset tumors:  If there is a family history of early onset ovarian cancer, this incurs an increased risk for a person.

 

How to decide whether you need the BRCA gene test

 

The following is an excerpt from the American Society of Breast Surgeons:

1.  Early onset breast cancer (diagnosed before age 50)

2.  Two primary breast cancers, either bilateral or ipsilateral
3.  A family history of early onset breast cancer
4.  Male breast cancer
5.  A personal or family history of ovarian cancer
6.  Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jewish heritage
7.  A previously identified BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in the family

Any one of these features alone indicates a risk for harboring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.  The presence of more than one of these features raises that risk to greater than 10%, the traditional cutoff for recommending a BRCA test. Such patients should have access to BRCA testing.  A simple risk-calculation model based on the prevalence of mutations seen among women tested for BRCA mutations is available at http://www.brcacalculator.com.

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Diabetes Risk for Men

Men with diabetes face several health concerns, including increased risk of heart attacks and strokes and impotence (not being able to have or keep an erection).

Above the age of 50, the likelihood of having difficulties with an erection occurs in approximately 50-60% of men with diabetes. In men over 70, 90% have erectile dysfunction problems (link to diabetes and ED page)

Diagnosed and controlled, diabetes can be successfully managed to minimise its impact on health and well being. You can prevent or delay diabetes complications like damage to eye sight and nerve damage to fingers and toes. However many men do not realise they suffer from the disease. Around one third of the men with diabetes are not aware of their illness.

Diabetes Signs and Symptoms

If you find yourself with any of the following symptoms, it is important you visit your doctor or health practitioner and get tested for diabetes:
• feeling tired
• frequent urination (especially at night)
• being very thirsty
• weight loss
• blurry eyesight
• recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
• sores that heal slowly
• dry, itchy skin
• loss of feeling or tingling in your feet

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

There are different kinds of diabetes:
• Type 1 diabetes is usually first diagnosed in children, teenagers, or young adults.
• Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop it at any age, but it is often diagnosed in later life and is commonly found in men who are over weight and do little exercise.

What is Diabetes?

Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose (sugar) for our bodies to use for energy. The pancreas makes insulin, which helps sugar get into the cells. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use the insulin it does make. This causes sugar to build up in your blood. Over the years, high blood sugar leads to problems like heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, nerve problems, gum infections, and amputations.

Diabetes-Related Problems in Men

Men with diabetes suffer more from some diabetes-related health problems than women. The American Diabetes Association reports that:
• In people who develop diabetes before the age of 30, men develop retinopathy (a vision disorder that can lead to blindness) more quickly than women.
• Having the main symptoms of peripheral vascular disease (pain in the thigh, calf, or buttocks during exercise) is linked to a two- to three-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, or cardiac failure in men with diabetes.
• Amputation rates from diabetes-related problems are 1.4 to 2.7 times higher in men than women with diabetes.

“Beer Pot” Belly Equals High Diabetes Risk

Overall obesity, measured by high body mass index (BMI) and a “beer pot” belly, measured by a large waist circumference, both accurately predict the risk of type 2 diabetes in men, but abdominal obesity appears to be the better predictor, new research shows.*
Both BMI and waist circumference are useful for assessing health but waist circumference can indicate a strong risk for diabetes whether or not a man is considered overweight or obese according to his BMI, researchers said.
As waist circumference increased, so did the risk of developing diabetes, with the risk in men with the highest waist circumference (up to 158 centimeters) increasing by 12 times.
The study findings also suggest that the currently recommended cutoff for high waist circumference of 102 cm (40 inches) for men may need to be lowered to 95 cm.
Many of the men who developed type 2 diabetes had measurements lower than the cutoff and the risk associated with the waist circumference increased at a much lower level than previously thought.

Sleeping Too Much Or Too Little Increases Diabetes Risk

Men who sleep too much or too little are at an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, according to a study by the New England Research Institutes in collaboration with Yale School of Medicine researchers.
Six to eight hours of sleep was found to be most healthy.
In contrast, men who reported they slept between five and six hours per night were twice as likely to develop diabetes and men who slept more than eight hours per night were three times as likely to develop diabetes. Previous data have shown similar results in women.
The elevated risks remained after adjustment for age, hypertension, smoking status, self-rated health status and education.
Too little sleep appears to produce metabolic disturbances like decreased carbohydrate tolerance, insulin resistance, and lower levels of the hormone leptin leading to obesity. The mechanisms by which long sleep duration increase diabetes risk requires further investigation.

You Can Delay or Prevent Type 2 Diabetes

When you take steps to prevent diabetes, you also lower your risk for heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and amputation.
Small changes in your lifestyle can make a difference.
They include:
• Getting 30 minutes of physical activity five days a week and losing 5 to 7 percent of your body weight.
• To help you lose weight, choose low-fat foods and foods high in fiber.
• Cut down on fat and cholesterol by having low-fat dairy products, lean cuts of meat, fish, poultry, fruits, and vegetables.
• Limit foods high in salt and sugar.

Know Your Risks That Can Lead to Type 2 Diabetes

It’s important to find out early if you have type 2 diabetes or if you are at risk of developing it. To find out if you’re at risk, check off each item that applies to you.
• I am overweight or obese. (Obesity is measured with a body mass index (BMI), which shows the relationship of weight to height.)
• I have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes.
• My family background is African American, American Indian, Asian American, Latino, Maori or Pacific Islander.
• I have high blood pressure.
• My cholesterol is not normal. My HDL or “good” cholesterol is less than 50 or my triglycerides are 250 or higher.
• I am not very active. I exercise less than three times each week.

Talk to your doctor or health care practitioner about the risks that you checked off. If you are age 45 or older, also talk about getting tested for Type 2 diabetes. If your test result is normal, you should then be tested every three years. People younger than age 45 who are overweight or obese and checked off any of the items above should also talk about getting tested for diabetes
* SOURCE: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, March 2005.

Is there a natural Answer for Diabetes-Related Erectile Dysfunction?

Many researchers and satisfied customers of potent herbal formulations like Herbal Ignite give an enthusiastic yes to this question. Products like Herbal Ignite boost natural testosterone levels without the negative feedback associated with Hormone Replacement Therapy. Herbal Ignite capsules help your body produce more testosterone, instead of adding outside testosterone from an outside source.

Herbal Ignite to enhance virility and reduce male menopause symptoms has been researched and refined by modern science so today’s men can enjoy quality controlled extracts of concentrated active ingredients.

Herbal Ignite’s special formula has helped thousands of men enjoy a better sex life and an improved sense of well being with minimal unwanted side effects

To find out more about Herbal Ignite just Google the term “Herbal Ignite”.

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Using known risk factors for breast cancer, mathematical models can be developed to help answer important questions.  These mathematical models are useful tools for researchers and for patients as follows:

1. Research on risk factors – The Claus risk assessment model was used to discover the subpopulation of people who had an autosomal dominant genetic allele that increased their risk from 10% to 92%. This led to the discovery of the BRCA genes associated with breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. 2. Clinical trial eligibility – The Gail risk assessment model was developed to help researchers determine who to enroll in the NSAPB Breast Cancer Prevention Trials

where chemoprevention was shown to reduce breast cancer risk.

3. Guidelines for doing BRCA testing – BRCA testing is very expensive and practically worthless if done on everyone (because it is so rare to be homozygous for BRCA1 or BRCA2). Mathematical models such as the BRCAPRO, BOADICEA, and Tyrer-Cuzick models can help determine what patients should undergo BRCA testing. The decision for testing is usually made when one of these models predicts a 10% or greater chance that there is a mutation of the BRCA1, BRCA2, or both genes. 4. Guidelines for doing MRI screening for breast cancer – MRI screening for breast cancer is not a cost effective screening test for the general population, but in specific groups, there are clear cut reasons to do so. In general, screening MRI is recommended for women with 20-25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer. The BRCAPRO and Tyrer-Cuzick models have been used to help make clinical decisions about ordering MRIs for breast cancer screening. 5. Guidelines for breast cancer therapy – The Gail model is used clinically to help

determine who should be put on tamoxifen or raloxifene for chemoprevention.  Other models have been used to help make decisions about breast cancer risk reduction with prophylactic mastectomy.

For these reasons, it is important to understand these models.  These models are collectively refered to as “risk assessment tools”.  The following paragraphs summarize the most popular and most widely used risk assessment tools.  Keep in mind that none of these risk assessment tools apply to breast cancer survivors.  No mathematical model has been widely accepted to determine cancer risk in cancer survivors. 

General Risk Assessment Tools

Gail Model:  The Gail model is a validated risk-assessment model that focuses primarily on nonhereditary risk factors, with limited information on family history.  It was developed by scientists at the National Cancer Institute and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) to assist health care providers in discussing breast cancer risk to determine their eligibility for the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial.  The tool allows one to project a woman’s individual estimate of breast cancer risk over a five-year period of time and over her lifetime.  It also compares the woman’s risk calculation with the average risk for a woman of the same age.  The Gail Model is an on-line quiz that has 13 questions and is interactive.  This calculator is based on published risk statistics and methods gathered from peer-reviewed journals, and has been extensively tested for its validity. 

                                                                                                               

The major limitation of the Gail model is the inclusion of only first-degree relatives, which results in underestimating risk in the 50% of families with cancer in the paternal lineage and also takes no account of the age of onset of breast cancer.  It may underestimate risk in certain groups, such as obese patients.

                                                                                                

National Cancer Institute Model:  The NCI risk assessment tool is essentially a simplified Gail Model that also factors in race.  Race is a factor in determining breast cancer risk but is excluded when determining eligibility for clinical trials.  This tool is probably the most popular risk assessment tool available to the public as an on-line, interactive risk calculator.  The on-line quiz is a shorter, nine-point questionnaire that includes multiple factors, giving a woman her future five-year risk of breast cancer and her lifetime risk of breast cancer.

                                                                                             

The NCI tool does not account for a lot of risk factors that can be modified.  For this reason, it is difficult to use this test as a motivation tool to show people how lifestyle can alter their risk of breast cancer.  It also cannot be used in breast cancer survivors, in patients with DCIS, LCIS, or people who carry one of the BRCA genes.

BRCAPRO model:  This is a statistical model available as a computer program that uses two different algorithms to evaluate family history and helps a doctor determine the likelihood of finding either a BRCA1 mutation or a BRCA2 mutation in a family.  The results of this can be used to determine if BRCA testing is indicated.  This is very useful in light of the high cost of BRCA testing ($3,000).  None of the nonhereditary risk factors can yet be incorporated into the model, however.  In a comparison of four different methods for estimating breast cancer risk in patients with a family history of breast cancer, the BRCAPRO model was the least accurate.  It predicted only 49% of the breast cancers that actually occurred in the screened group of patients with a family history of breast cancer.

Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention Risk Assessment Tool:  This is another breast cancer risk assessment tool that includes more lifestyle factors than the NCI or Gail Model tools.  It has not been studied as extensively as the Gail Model or the simplified NCI model, but it is promising in that it includes many lifestyle factors that people can do to modify their risk of developing cancer.  It is also an on-line questionnaire that can be used by both women and men to estimate their breast cancer risk.

Making all this practical

 

          Now after a thorough and confusing discussion of all these statistical models, it’s time to make all this information practical.  What is the best way to help a patient accurately assess her risk of breast cancer and if possible, show her what positive factors are reducing her risk and what negative factors can be changed to reduce her risk?  If possible, it would also be great to show the patient the value and indications for testing, imaging, chemoprevention, and in some cases surgery.  A discussion of the practical aspect of each of these is addressed in a Q & A format b
elow:

Q: What (free) online programs can be used to help a patient assess their risk of breast cancer?

A: Several of the risk assessment tools mentioned above can be accessed for free by the public. Here are the tests and their websites:

   

1. Your Disease Risk – English version: http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu

This is a great interactive questionnaire that calculates five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer developed by the Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and made public online in 2000.  In 2005, they launched the Spanish version of the site, “Cuidar de su Salud”.  The risk calculator includes lifestyle factors such as weight, dietary vegetables, alcohol intake, as well as Jewish ethnicity.  It does not include other ethnicities, however, and is not accurate for BRCA mutation carriers or breast cancer survivors.  Despite these issues, this is by far the best free online risk calculator since it is very interactive and gives you a personalized description of your risk in the form of a colored bar graph, which they can electronically manipulate to experience “virtual” risk reduction.  The bar graph is a seven-level scale that compares users to a typical man or woman your age.  Users learn where to focus their prevention efforts and how to make lifestyle changes by “clicking on” personalized strategies.  With each click, the bar graph shrinks, and the user watches his/her predicted risk drop.  This is a great concept to motivate people to participate and comply with lifestyle modification measures.

2. The NCI Risk Assessment Tool –regular web: http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool

     This is the easy to use, on-line questionnaire based on a modified Gail model that also includes ethnicity.  It does not factor in a personal history of breast cancer, DCIS, or LCIS.  It does not account for other factors such as BRCA status, hormonal replacement therapy, lifestyle factors, breast feeding, menopause, or mammographic density.  Despite these issues, it is a very useful tool that gives a woman her five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer.  It is the only risk assessment tool that can be used via mobile handheld devices (any type).  A version of this can be downloaded for PDAs with Windows Pocket PC operating system as well.

Q:  What programs can be used to help a doctor make decisions about ordering a breast MRI?

  

A:  The American Cancer Society has developed some very good guidelines for breast cancer screening with MRI.  It should be emphasized that MRI is an adjunct to mammography, not a replacement.  

1. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians – http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/57/2/75 2. BRCPRO – ver.4.3 available @ http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/breasthealth/cagene/default.asp

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What is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a fatty wax lipid that can be found in the cell membranes of humans and animals.

Cholesterol is a tricky little devil, because if it gets out of hand you could have a serious health risk, including heart attack and other potentially fatal conditions. That is why it is so important to have a low cholesterol diet, because it reduces your risk of having a heart attack or stroke. High cholesterol is something you need to avoid. It can cause many conditions including heart disease.

By having a low cholesterol diet, you are less likely to contact heart disease than someone who eats a high cholesterol diet.Well, whether or not you have high cholesterol, eating too many high cholesterol foods will give you high cholesterol. So, manage your diet and eat right, and remember that a low cholesterol diet is important for your health.

Causes, Symptoms of High Cholesterol

Nobody wants High cholesterol. When you hear the dreaded words from your doctor saying you have high cholesterol, you are probably thinking something along the lines of – “Now. I will never be able to eat my favorite food again!” But do not worry, there are many low cholesterol diets that can be good for you and taste well all at the same time. First let’s look at the causes of high cholesterol. In most cases, weight plays a large role in high cholesterol because of the food you eat and the amount of food you eat.

Sometimes it can be as simple as losing a few pounds to lower your cholesterol levels, but other times you simply can do nothing. You lose weight but your cholesterol levels are still the same. This can be an example of hereditary cholesterol, which means your high cholesterol levels could be the result of one of your family members having high cholesterol. A low cholesterol diet will help to keep your cholesterol levels down but it will be harder because it is something in your genes that makes your cholesterol high. Also stress can raise your cholesterol so practicing stress relief is a good idea, and exercise may be the perfect option for you, exercise can both decrease your stress and your cholesterol levels all at the same time.

Symptoms of high cholesterol can be, fatigue, depression and other emotional conditions. A good suggestion when starting a low cholesterol diet would be to avoid fatty, unhealthy foods, like french fries, and other fast foods that are high in cholesterol. Junk food is never good, so when you are trying to stay on a low cholesterol diet, try to avoid these types of foods at all costs. Yes I know you love those kind of foods, but it is not the end of great tasting foods for you yet. Today there are many substitutes for junk foods that can be made right at home with ingredients that will not raise your cholesterol levels.

It is good to go to your local book store and find a low cholesterol diet cookbook, because a lot of the time you can find delicious recipes that are much lower in cholesterol than other foods. For example if you get hungry for french fries while on a low cholesterol diet, consider this – most low cholesterol cookbooks will have a recipe for oven fries. These are a delicious substitute for regular french fries and they taste great! Of course if you cannot find this recipe feel free to go online and find low cholesterol recipes for you and your family to enjoy.

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A quick glance at any of the literature will tell you that black men are more likely to die from prostate cancer than white men and most of the statistics agree that the risk for African-Americans over two and a half times that of white Americans. But are these statistics misleading?

It is known that there are differences in disease rates between different countries and that, for example, America has the highest rate of obesity of any country and Japan the lowest. ButThis has very little to do with the passport or hold the color of your skin and a lot to do with your diet. So why is it that African Americans and white Americans differ so much when it comes to prostate cancer deaths, since they are both members of a common society?

Well, the answer can only lie in a study conducted recently, a mixed race group of 337 men aged between 40 and 75 from North Carolina, from 2001 to 2004 diagnosed with prostate cancerCancer.

The study identified a number of factors including family history, screening, symptoms, treatment, the presence of other medical problems, access to medical care, the men’s relationships with their doctors, their attitudes towards health and health care providers, was employment, income and whether the men had health insurance.

The study showed that earned more than half of black men under $ 40,000 a yearcompared to less than one quarter of the white men who fell in this income group. The study also found that black men are more likely to blue-collar jobs have to be trained to a lower level in order to have additional medical conditions and are unemployed as a result of illness or disability.

The study also found that only three percent of white men had no health insurance, as compared to eight percent of all black men and one third of white mensome form of supplemental Medicare coverage, compared with seventeen percent of all black men.

Perhaps most interesting in the study reported that both black and white men were equally well informed about the risks arising from prostate cancer and the need for treatment, but showed the black men, a greater sense of responsibility for their own health and were less likely, to trust their doctors. In fact, many of their doctors were suspicious and feltthat their decisions more on the cost of treatment, rather than done on the patient’s needs.

On the important issue of screening for prostate cancer, black men were less likely to have regular check-ups, digital rectal examination or PSA blood tests

Read more http://www.menshealth.pannipa.com/2009/10/are-black-men-really-at-more-risk-from-prostate-cancer-than-white-men/

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The best “treatment” for cancer is to prevent it from occurring. Research is ongoing to evaluate environmental and lifestyle factors that may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer. Identifying such risk factors may allow individuals to modify lifestyle choices in order to reduce their risk of developing cancer.

The Million Women Study in the United Kingdom involved over 1.3 million middle-aged women who responded to a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and personal information, including alcohol consumption. These women were followed for several years in an effort to determine how reproductive and lifestyle factors affect women’s health.

The current study used the data from just over 1.2 million of the women in the Million Women Study, excluding some women based on pre-existing cancers or because pertinent information was excluded on the questionnaire. About one-quarter of the cohort reported drinking no alcohol. Of the remaining women who reported consuming alcohol, 98% consumed fewer than 21 drinks per week, with the average being one drink per day. (Fewer than three drinks per day is considered low to moderate alcohol consumption.)

The women were followed for an average of 7.2 years, during which 68,775 invasive cancers occurred. Increased alcohol consumption was associated with increased risks of some cancers. With each additional drink consumed per day, the risk of breast cancer increased by 11%, oral cavity/pharynx cancer by 29%, esophageal cancer by 22%, larynx cancer by 44%, liver cancer by 24%, and total cancer by 6%.

The researchers concluded that low to moderate alcohol consumption increases the risk of certain cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2009

Terramed Alliance is a non-profit charity organization dedicated to research, education and advocacy of breast cancer. One of the vision of Terramed Alliance is to provide this community and Internet users with a charity based research and education entity. Advocacy of breast cancer through education is vital to the reduction of this disease.  For any requests and enquiries, please contact at us: cancer@terramedalliance.us www.terramedalliance.us

 

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