Drugs

When people hear the diagnosis of diabetes, they tend to assume that insulin injections are the only current treatment available to them. With type 2 diabetes is not the case, and there are many treatments for diabetes medications as your doctor recommend May before you try to make use insulin. Some treatment of diabetes medications available today, and their possible side effects.

One of the most common treatment of diabetes medications taken in tablet form is sulfonamides, taken once or twice a day. It works by increasing the natural production of insulin in the body, so insulin injections are not necessary. The types of sulphonylureas available glibenclamide, glimepiride, and chlorpropamide, and they can cause various side effects. Sulfonamides work over a long period of time so that they can cause levels of blood sugar to drop too low, causing hypoglycemia. They are also known to cause nausea, stomach pain and weight gain excessive. On rare occasions, diabetics can take sulfonamides experience lumpy red rash on their skin.

Biguanide, otherwise known as metformin, a diabetes drug taken two to three times a day. It prevents the liver to produce new glucose and insulin also assists in the exercise of glucose to cells of the body. Side effects of this treatment are mild and include a stomach ache, nausea or diarrhea. Side effects decrease over time, and may be limited by taking tablets biguanide with food.

A recent addition to the list of medicines for treating diabetes is thiazolidinediones, which has two types, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. This type 2 diabetes treatment is to reduce the body’s resistance to insulin, allowing diabetics to use insulin produced naturally more efficiently. There are side effects associated with thiazolidinediones, which include weight gain, increased incidence of pain, headaches, and some water retention. On rare occasions, May diabetics develop respiratory tract infections when taking the thiazolidinediones.

If you are at high risk of hypos when taking sulphonylureas, your doctor recommend May prandial glucose regulators who also increase production of insulin in the pancreas, but only over a short period of time. These can cause side effects such as nausea and stomach pain, but they are minimal when tablets are taken with meals. Diabetics taking prandial glucose regulation May also experience weight gain, but a flexible dosage can usually solve this problem.

A different approach in the fight against hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes, is to take an inhibitor of alpha glucose. These reduce the speed at which carbohydrates are taken in the bloodstream so that your blood sugar levels do not increase too rapidly. The usual dose for alpha inhibitors glucose, such as acarbose is three tablets per day. However, your doctor May suggest a low dose to begin to minimize side effects as diarrhea, bloating and wind.

The human body naturally produces a hormone called incretin, which regulates the amount of insulin that we make, and limits manufacture of glucose in the liver. DPP-4 inhibitors are a type of diabetes treatment drug that increases incretin levels, helping to control diabetes type 2. These tablets can be taken alongside other drugs treating diabetes, such as thiazolidinediones, but should not be taken by patients who are also using insulin.

At some point most Type 2 diabetics is that they need to switch to insulin to treat their condition. This is often because, after many years of treating diabetes drugs pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin. Although the idea of insulin injections can be terrifying for some, needles used are very small that the injection occurs just under the skin. Insulin is injected into the stomach, buttocks or thighs, and injection sites are varied to reduce insulin build. For those who can not cope injections, the passage form of diabetes drugs to insulin can be facilitated by the use of an inhaler or insulin pump.

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High cholesterol levels are approaching epidemic proportions in western society. For that reason, it’s necessary to learn how to lower LDL cholesterol. But what precisely is it? Cholesterol is a waxy substance produced by the liver. It is critical to {each and every cell in the body. Cholesterol also enters the body through saturated fats that we eat in particular foods.

There are 2 basic sorts of cholesterol. One is regarded good the other is bad. The bad cholesterol is called Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). A blood test that discovers your bad cholesterol levels below 130 milligrams per deciliter ( mg/dL ) is regarded good. The good cholesterol is the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). It works to cleanse the body of excess amounts of amounts of LDL cholesterol, so a larger number, something above forty mg/dL, is considered healthy. Your total cholesterol readings should be lower than two hundred mg/dL for optimal health.

Do you want to know how to lower LDL cholesterol and why it is important? Lower cholesterol is important to living a long and healthy life, one that is free from heart problems or stroke. Those are risk factors that come with elevated levels of cholesterol. The health problems arise when there is too much total cholesterol in the blood. This impedes blood flow and prohibits it from moving smoothly thru the arterial system. Over time, excess cholesterol builds up on the inside of the artery walls and narrows the space through which blood flows. This narrowing of the arteries is named atherosclerosis. Finally this passage becomes so small that it chokes off blood flow absolutely and the result’s a coronary or stroke. The danger of this is even larger if you also have high blood pressure, diabetes, or if you are overweight. A doctor will tell you how to lower LDL cholesterol with the aid of drugs. Pharmaceuticals are frequently prescribed to lower cholesterol. One effective and popular class of medication is called statin drugs. These medications work to lower overall cholesterol, but carry with them a number of complications, and a number of them are serious. These dangerous side effects include kidney failure, muscle weakness, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, and others.

Many people are reluctant to take costly and possibly life threatening drugs and they want to know how to lower LDL cholesterol naturally. And actually, it is very simple. To lower cholesterol naturally, diet and exercise are imperative. A low fat, low cholesterol diet containing certain vitamins can seriously lower LDL cholesterol. This is true regardless of whether your cholesterol results from bad diet choices or hereditary factors. An additional benefit of exercise is the fact that exercise can raise HDL cholesterol so that your system is better able to remove excess LDL cholesterol.

Want more information? Learn the details to lower cholesterol naturally without using harmful drugs with my easy and incredibly powerful guide. Download the complete plan at: Lower Cholesterol Today!

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Drug Company Uses Fake Journal to Sell Its Drugs

In the past, I’ve told you stories of alternative doctors who ran afoul of the law simply because they didn’t follow conventional medicine’s drug mandate. In our culture, drugs rule. But you already know that.

You know that when you take a drug, your life is in danger. What you may not know is that when you don’t take a drug, your integrative physician’s medical license is in danger. That’s how controlling the drug companies are. And they’re very good at what they do. But the documents uncovered in an Australian lawsuit have revealed activities that would shock even hardened advocates of Big Pharma. These documents say that Merck created a fake “peer-reviewed” journal.

Its purpose? To present favorable data on its killer drugs Fosamax and Vioxx. Elsevier is one of the world’s biggest publishers of medical journals. Merck reportedly paid this company to publish the phony journal, The Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicine, without disclosing the company’s sponsorship.

George Jelinek is an Australian physician and longtime member of the World Association of Medical Editors. He reviewed four issues of the journal that Elsevier published in 2003-4. He testified that the “average reader” (a doctor) would probably mistake the publication for a genuine peer-reviewed medical journal. Only close inspection combined with his expertise enabled him to determine that the journal was really a marketing publication for Merck.

In two issues, of 50 articles that he read, 16 referred to Fosamax and nine to Vioxx. All presented positive views. Half of all the articles were merely promotions for the petrochemicals. Now please consider this. Imagine that your doctor prescribed you these drugs after reading these articles. Let’s say you got a stroke from Vioxx, and that you got bone death from Fosamax. Well, the medical board would turn the other cheek.

It would find that your doctor was practicing the “standard of practice,” which is based on published reports. It would not expect him to be smart enough to know that the journal was bought and paid for, even if you died as a result. And nothing would happen to the drug company.

It is a crazy world we live in, when a doctor can read false propaganda from Big Pharma, and give you something that kills you, and no one is held responsible. If your conventional doctor gives you a prescription, you have to do your own research and consult your integrative physician to determine if it’s right for you. Don’t rely on your conventional doctor to give you unbiased information. He may not know his advice is based on faulty information.

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Addiction is the most common word in today’s world. It can be defined as that condition when a person is unable to stop using something. That something can be movies, music, shopping, cigarettes, alcohol or drugs. The last two are the most common and deadly form of addiction. Thousands of people die every year due to the intake of these two things. Drug addiction is the most common form and it is deadlier than alcohol. Lethal drugs like Cocaine, Heroine, LSD, Marijuana, Hashish etc are found all over the world and they are cause of millions of deaths. Government of every country is trying to uproot these addiction and the drugs. Some of them have already succeeded.

Although drugs have been banned in several countries, the addiction did not leave the youth. Unable to obtain their required drugs, people have changed their mode of addiction. They have now started taking painkillers for getting high. Painkiller addiction is now the most common form of addiction of the world. It is cheap and easily available. Govt. cannot even put a ban on painkillers as it is mainly used as medicine. Although, addiction to painkillers is intentional for some people, some even get addicted after they are being prescribed with painkillers by the doctors or physicists.

Some patients get physically and mentally dependant on painkillers when they are prescribed with painkillers. Even after they get completely cured from the injury or any other pain, they keep on taking painkillers because they feel chronic pains if they do not take these pills. Painkiller addictions have reached a high extent nowadays; millions of people all over the world rely on painkillers. People get too much physically dependant on painkillers, as a result cannot get rid of it. Whenever they try to give up this addiction, certain withdrawal symptoms show up. These withdrawal symptoms are so painful that the addicts get back to the addiction again.

The only way to get rid of painkiller addiction is proper medicinal treatment and care. Proper medicinal treatment cannot be obtained if the person wants to get cured by himself. If a person really wants to get out of this malpractice, then he or she must visit a painkiller rehab. A painkiller rehab is the only place where an addicted person can get proper painkiller addiction treatment. Since the withdrawal symptoms are unbearable, the patients always need special attention, care and mental support. Otherwise, there is no chance of proper rehabilitation.

But, prevention is always better than cure. When you know that you can be a victim of pharmaceutical addiction, you should ask your doctor to adopt some other methods for your cure. Or, you can also have enough control on yourself so that you can stop taking painkillers when you are completely cured. But, very few people can do this. No one knows when the medicine used to cure one self can turn to a lethal poison. Painkiller addiction must be avoided at any cost; it will not only harm yourself but also each and every people around you.

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Obesity is fast becoming the number one health problem in developed and developing countries worldwide, the problem is now affecting a large number of school-age children. For some, this decision is simple, and they just write a check for the operation, while others prefer the harder approach is consistent with the reality of obtaining and monitoring their diet. Another group prefers to use the weight of drugs to help them lose weight, so that results can be seen in a shorter time.

The drugs work to raise the level of serotonin in the brain, they believe that the stomach is already full, thereby increasing the metabolic rate of a person. Only when scientists discovered that these drugs have side effects, and have been linked to heart valve disease that they were removed from shelves. You can not win, though, manufacturers have introduced updated drugs prescribed by doctors but the FDA approval process is slow.

You may know who has used these pills, several times, and first-hand understanding of how useful they can be. This proposal is tempting to lose weight while maintaining the same diet who’d say no? Weight loss drug manufacturers spend huge sums on research, but it can not be compared with the amount spent by consumers.

In later weight control pills may be prescribed by your doctor, dietitian or purchased in pharmacies and, despite advances in drug manufacture, there is a risk in including vomiting and stomach problems. Surprisingly more dangerous side effects exist including stroke, heart attack, kidney failure to name only a few, so these drugs are still far from safe to use.

It is always a good idea to you doctor before taking any course of drugs, which may reduce the possibility of some side effects occur, although this may depend on the genetic makeup of the person using them. Other problems may also arise when the pill is discontinued. Effect of withdrawal of pills are irritability, nausea, depression, fatigue and insomnia to name only a few of the reported conditions.

Although these weight loss drugs do work to increase the beneficial effects occurs when regular exercise held together with food. This type of nutrition requires a balance of food groups to ensure adequate consumption of vitamins, minerals and fiber, almost all of which can be bought at the local supermarket, but you may need a little training.

Implementation will need to be carried out, if you want to take healthy food option, but it is likely to be developed in advance with your doctor. A good exercise plan with the weights will help improve the body’s ability to burn calories and maintain a healthy heart.

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Destructive behavior can ruin the career of a person and sometimes it may cause to lose job too. To control destructive behavior caused by drugs one can take a proper training. In the training, trainer discusses the use of cigarettes, cocaine, alcohol and other drugs and their functions and effects on our life. All people should be conscious about the health dangers of smoking and other drugs. Nevertheless, students may not think about how smoking and drinking affects their job performance.

Research information reported on the smoke free workplace new smokers are absent 50 per cent and appear to be less productive due to frequent smoke breaks. Some proof also suggests that smoking leads to decreased attentiveness and competence. Trainees should be informed that many organizations are implementing strict workplace smoking policies. It is unlikely that a person will be able to smoke whenever or wherever he or she wants on the work.

Trainer discuss about the caffeine and its working. There is no considerable link between caffeine use and health or work-related troubles. Trainers may want to point out that too much consumption of caffeine can interfere with sleep and cause a cruel cycle. The person is exhausted due to lack of sleep and uses caffeine to stay awake and alert for the duration of the office. A good sleep and rest, a proper well balanced diet, and physical activity can lead to significant health benefits and positive energy. Remind trainees that caffeine is a stimulant and can cause anxiety and irritability. Although this may not harm job performance, it surely can not help someone deal with the pressures of the work.

He also discuss about the unprotected lovemaking and sharing needles as behaviors associated with drugs or medicine use that can have serious health consequences. Again, this type of information is available in full detail in many sources and most trainees possibly have heard the information several times. Nevertheless, a reminder in the context of staying fit would not hurt. Sharing needles for injecting drugs or medicines puts a person at higher risk of being infected with many diseases, the most serious of which is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that can cause to develop AIDS. While having unprotected lovemaking is not directly related to using drugs or medicines, a person’s judgment is impaired under the influence of drugs or alcohol that can lead to making bad or risky decisions. Having unprotected lovemaking and consequence may be caused STD.

Copyright © Nick Mutt, All Rights Reserved. If you want to use this article on your website or in your ezine, make all the urls (links) active.

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It’s been 20 years since I completed the Ironman Triathlon. Now my Olympic dreams have given way to the nightmare of paying for my kids education. Still, I workout regularly, eat well and almost fit into the jeans I wore in the ’80s. So…

How Could I Possibly Have A Cholesterol Problem?

Since I’m your doctor, I’m a little embarrassed to reveal my cholesterol numbers. But if we’re going to beat it together-here they are:

?My total cholesterol is 213 (not terrible, since the goal for total cholesterol is below 200).
?My LDL (low density aka bad cholesterol) is 155. The ideal for bad cholesterol is below 130 (100 if you have heart problems). LDL, cholesterol’s evil step brother, got its bad reputation by filling your arteries with fat causing high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes and dementia. The LDL may be the single most important number we measure.
?My HDL (good cholesterol) is 55. HDL should stay over 45 for men and 55 for women. The higher the better since HDLs remove the fatty plaques from your arteries and brings them to the liver for elimination

The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL is important to measure. It tells us the amount of fatty material floating around in comparison to the amount being removed. The ideal ratio is 3.5 or less. So if my HDL is 55, to have an ideal cholesterol to HDL ratio of 3.5, my total cholesterol has to be 192 or less (your HDL x 3.5 = the highest total cholesterol you can have and still be ideal.) Try it out…plug in your HDL, multiply it by 3.5 and see if your cholesterol is out of balance.

All Men May Be Created Equal, But All Fats Aren’t

The leading causes of death in the U.S. are heart attacks, cancer and strokes. These diseases all have one thing in common; they are all related to the type of fat we eat. Notice that I didn’t say the amount of fat. That’s not nearly as important (although obesity is!).

Some fats actually improve our health. They correct our cholesterol balance, prevent heart attacks, reduce the chance of stroke and prevent inflammatory diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis.

You’ll spot the good fats. They’re liquid at room temperature and consist of:

?Monounsaturated Oils like olive oil, canola oil, oils derived from nuts and avocados.
?Polyunsaturated Oils like corn, soybean, and safflower oils and fish.

Some Fats Aren’t So Good. They’re solid in room temperature and are called:

?Saturated Fats. They’re found in whole milk, red meat, chicken skin, butter, cheese, chocolate and even coconuts. Basically, milk products and meat contain saturated fats. They raise both good and bad cholesterols, but hurt the proper cholesterol/HDL ratio.

Some of us have to be more careful than others since 75% of our cholesterol is manufactured by the liver. In other words, if you’ve got the bad cholesterol genes and your liver continually pumps out cholesterol, you need to act on this newsletter. Others can just pass it on to those who aren’t so blessed.

The Most Evil Fat of All is:

?Man made and prematurely ages and kills thousands of people every year.
?Not safe in any amount to anyone (Institute of Medicine).
?Responsible for Significantly Raising our Bad Cholesterol While Lowering Our Good Cholesterol.
?So unhealthy that even bacteria and mold won’t grow on it.

They are called Trans Fats

These are fake, man made fats. They started as real oils but were heated then cooled until they became solid. This process is called hydrogenation (because it adds hydrogen). You know who they are; they’re the fried foods, fast foods, commercial packaged baked goods, margarine, vegetable shortening and all products that say “hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated” in the ingredients.

You’ll see them all over packaged foods because they never die or go bad. They nearly last forever, since mold and bacteria won’t even grow on them. Nothing will!

In fact, The Nurses’ Health Study found when they replaced only 30 calories of carbohydrates with 30 calories of trans fats the risk of heart disease nearly doubled. When they replaced 80 calories of carbohydrates with 80 calories of either polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats (the good fats), your chance of heart disease dropped by 30 to 40 percent. THAT’S A BIG HEALTH GAIN WITH LESS THAN 100 CALORIES OF DIET CHANGE!

Let’s put it another way…

By replacing that glob of margarine with olive oil, you’ll lower your chance of heart disease by one-third.

Is it worth it?

This is so important that in January 2006, a law requiring all food packaging to state whether it contains trans fats goes into effect.

To summarize, fats can be either liquid or solid at room temperature. Always choose liquids, they are the good fats. Fats that are solid at room temperature should be avoided. When cooking with oil, stir fry…don’t deep fry.

If you need to buy foods with trans fats, make sure they are listed as low as possible on the ingredient list. The higher on the list, the more in the food.

Is There Anything I Can Take, Naturally, To Balance My Cholesterol?

There appears to be three or four effective products worthy of a try, such as:

Garlic: While there is disagreement in the literature, the garlic that hasn’t had its odor removed (wild garlic) may lower your total cholesterol, bad cholesterol and triglycerides (circulating blood fat) about 10%.

Fish Oil: An abundant quantity of research seems to conclude that 1-2 grams of a fish oil supplement per day reduces your chance of a heart attack and stroke by preventing dangerous, irregular heart rhythms, thinning the blood, lowering triglycerides and preventing inflammation. In fact, one large trial found that by taking just 1 gram per day of fish oil over a 3.5 year period reduced the risk of dying from heart disease by 25 percent in those who already survived one heart attack. While it significantly lowered triglycerides, it seemed to slightly raise bad cholesterol.

Since women’s hearts are especially sensitive to high triglycerides. Those whose levels are high may benefit from taking 4 g/day of fish oil. Adding apple pectin (a type of fiber) to the fish oil seems to increase its triglyceride lowering ability even further. Flax seed oil, also an Omega 3 fatty acid (like fish oil), doesn’t seem to lower triglyceride levels.

So make sure it’s fish oil not just Omega 3 Fatty Acids.
Niacin: (Nicotinic acid) Lowers bad and total cholesterol and raises good cholesterol. It also can lower triglycerides. Unfortunately the dose needed for treatment is about 100 times more than the Recommended Daily Allowance and can potentially be toxic, especially to your liver. It should be considered a medication and taken only under your doctor’s directions if the other natural alternatives weren’t effective or appropriate.
Plant Sterols and Stanols: These plant products are added to some margarines and prevent the absorption of cholesterol in our intestines. In daily use, it has consistently lowered bad cholesterol about 10%.3,7 So far it does not appear to have long term negative effects. Life long use is predicted to result in a 20% decrease in coronary events.

But, The Best Is Saved For Last

Policosanol: A sugar cane derivative that lowers total cholesterol by 16% to 21%, bad cholesterol by 21% to 29% and raises good cholesterol by 8% to 15%. Although it’s triglyceride lowering effects have not been consistent, other cardiac benefits such as the prevention of clots and the dangerous oxidation of bad cholesterol have been demonstrated. Three year follow-ups have not shown negat
ive side effects. 10-20 mg/day seems to be just as beneficial as higher doses.

Standard pharmaceutical treatments today include Statin Drugs, such as:
? Mevacor
? Zocor and
? Pravachol

They work by interfering with the liver’s ability to produce cholesterol and increasing its ability to remove cholesterol from the blood. Although statins can lower LDL cholesterol by as much as 60 percent, they can also damage the liver and, in rare incidences, cause a serious or deadly illness.
But, there’s good news. The chances of dying from the three leading causes of death (coronary vascular, cancer and strokes) are largely under your control.

Don’t Tell Me These Three Steps Are Too Hard…

1. Test your cholesterol (good, bad and total) and triglycerides

2. Watch the type of fats you eat.
o Eat fats that are oils at room temperature
o Moderately limit meat and dairy fats
o Severely limit margarine, fried foods and packaged food with the word “hydrogenated” in the ingredients.

3. If your cholesterol or triglycerides are elevated or out of balance, talk to us about whether you are a candidate for natural treatments. They can be very effective and may prevent the need for medications. Sometimes medications are necessary but the supplements may allow you to take a lower dose.

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Diet to lower cholesterol is very simple if you know which type of cholesterol in the foods you must keep off. The best diet to lower cholesterol is one designed to lower blood pressure: * [the DASH diet, the all-around best diet for controlling cholesterol, diabetes, blood pressure and weight. A diet to lower cholesterol is only a small factor in influencing your body’s total cholesterol level. There are also supplements on the market that can make it easier to lower cholesterol naturally. Changing your diet to lower cholesterol is usually the first step in cholesterol maintenance, before medicines are added.

Dietary cholesterol is found only in foods that come from animals. Diets have gotten worse because poor people are eating crappy food, not because the diet fairy left them with the pork rinds rich people didn’t want. Diet can be a very effective tool for lowering blood pressure. Dieting to lose weight will certainly improve your health but if you already have existing health problems , then you need to have a healthy diet based on what foods you need to include and what foods you need to omit at mealtime. Diets rich in beans, peas, rice bran, barley, oat bran, whole grains, citrus fruits and apple pulp can help lower cholesterol levels, especially when additionally cutting back on animal products and fats. Eat fresh fruits and vegetables, raw when possible.

Most doctors and fitness specialists recommend that you exercise for at least 30 minutes a day for optimal health benefits. Be aware that lifestyle factors such as diet, health and fitness levels will all play a part in maintaining overall health and routine cardiovascular health. It’s really nice to know that now fast-foods establishments even offer low-fat or non-fried food options, helping those on the road to fitness stick to their plans.

Exercise and eating healthy foods is the key to long healthy life with out worry and fear of being within the high risk groups for hypercholesterolemia. It is important however to remember regular exercise and herbal supplements along with a lowering cholesterol diet to get the most benefit from it, as those two things are just as important to get the best results. Another benefit of regular exercise is weight loss, which can also help increase HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol levels. Exercise itself doesn’t directly lower cholesterol, but will strengthen the heart and entire circulatory system. Buying a rebounding video is a good idea if you’d prefer structured exercise instruction. Exercise 30 minutes a day as often as you can in a week.

Just a few diet changes, a good combination of supplements, vitamins, herbs, spices, and exercise is all that is needed to get started on a diet for

lowering cholesterol. Not just any herbal supplements, but those which only contain natural ingredients. It’s also critical that you only purchase supplements made from what are called standardized herbal extracts. Some of these supplements will actually help you to extend your life by insuring against poor health. Supplements lower cholesterol naturallyResearch also shows that improvement results can be dramatic if you were to strongly consider the combined use of regular exercises and the regular use of nutritional supplements, which are clinically proven to lower cholesterol naturally with no side effects. Supplements such as Omega-3, inositol hexaniacinate, pantethine, and guggulipid can be effective in lowering cholesterol. Remember

that the approach with drugs and / or dietary supplements is to supplement and not to replace a healthy diet and exercise.

How to lower cholesterol by 14 percent without cholesterol medications and without side effects. You can lower cholesterol naturally with many different cholesterol lowering herbs and nutrients. Dieting to lose weight will certainly improve health but if existing health problems already exist, such as high cholesterol, a diet to lower cholesterol is essential. The conclusion of the experts is that good regular exercising and a diet to lower cholesterol is a must.

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It is extremely important to educate ourselves before using any kinds of drugs or medications for any kind of illness or medical problems, especially if it something as serious as high cholesterol. This is because it can turn out to be fatal if neglected. That is why we should learn more about drugs and medications used to treat high cholesterol.


Cholesterol is a waxy, fat like substance which is found in our cells and blood stream. Cholesterol is important for our body because it produces hormones and cell membranes. Our body needs some cholesterol to function. However, too much cholesterol will clog our arteries and cause coronary heart disease. This can in turn lead to a heart attack.


Although our body produces the cholesterol it needs, we also accumulate it through our intake of food products which contains it such as: egg yolks, poultry, butter, cheese and whole milk. There are two types of cholesterol which are: the LDL or low-density lipoprotein, which is the bad cholesterol and HDL or high-density cholesterol, which is the good cholesterol. When our bad cholesterol level is high, we must do everything we can to lower it, including the use of drugs and medications.


Choosing The Right Cholesterol Drug


Many cholesterol drugs are now available on the market. Although some of these drugs can be obtained over the counter, you need to consult your doctor before you purchase and start taking any cholesterol medication.


Some cholesterol drugs may have serious side effects which may do you more harm than good. Your doctor is the only person who can advise you which cholesterol drug is best for you since he is the only one who knows your medical history, your state of health and which cholesterol medicine is suitable for you.


One of the types of drugs your doctor prescribe for cholesterol medication could be the statin drug. This drug is known be effective in reducing cholesterol levels. Your doctor may also prescribe an enzyme supplement with the statin drugs because your body will need more of a certain type of enzyme when taking statin drugs.


Another type of drug your doctor may prescribe is a bile acid sequestrate. It will help control bile acids that are secreted in the liver and gall bladder. It will travel through the intestine and softens fatty material in food, helping it become absorbed in a better way through your system.


Non Medical Ways to Lower Your Cholesterol


Besides taking cholesterol medications, you can try other non medical ways to lower your cholesterol. You can lower your cholesterol levels by modifying your diet and start taking only low or no cholesterol foods. Avoid trans and saturated fats from your diet as they are the main causes that raise your bad cholesterol level.


Besides modifying your diet, you should also increase your physical activities. Remember to exercise regularly, as it will not only help you lose weight, but lower your cholesterol level too.


Taking The Right Cholesterol Medication


If your doctor has confirmed that you suffer from high cholesterol levels after a series of tests, he may prescribe a cholesterol medication to help you lower your cholesterol levels and achieve a normal and healthier cholesterol level. Your doctor may also suggest that you make some lifestyle changes, altering the way you live your life and modifying the food you eat to help you achieve normal cholesterol levels quickly. If you take the right medication and make the right lifestyle changes as your doctor advises you, you should be able to achieve a healthy cholesterol level within a short period of time.


You should also be aware that cholesterol medication can be quite expensive. Remember that it can have many side effects that may cause problems for you. That is why you should always consult a doctor before you take any kind of cholesterol medications.


Stop taking any cholesterol medication if you are concerned about a side effect that occurs after taking it. Always consult your doctor should this occur and inform him of the side effects so that he can advise you if you have to discontinue the medication. Also remember that it is important to follow all the instructions on the medication because improperly taking any medication can cause serious problems for you.

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Unfortunately, obesity is no longer just the realm of adults; the worrying factor is that school children are also affected by this, according to recent studies. Although there are many ways to lose weight, some still choose the ?easy’ surgical option, whereas others opt for a healthy lifestyle by taking regular exercise and making changes to their diet. Weight reduction should be approached as a long term proposition especially when you consider it takes considerable time to become overweight so the use of weight loss drugs should be used with caution.

These drugs work in a variety of ways but mainly they try to fool the brain into thinking the stomach is full and increase the person’s metabolism. It was only after scientists discovered that these drugs had side effects and were related to heart valve disease that they were taken off the shelves. Not to be defeated though, manufacturers have introduced updated drugs, prescribed by doctors but the FDA approval process is slow.

The use of drugs that help weight reduction has become so commonplace that it is almost certain that you know of someone who has tried them. It is a tempting proposition, to lose weight while still maintaining the same diet; who would say no? Many millions of dollars are spent each year in The United States alone whilst the drug manufacturers spend huge sums on further research into weight loss drugs.

Weight control pills can be purchased either over-the-counter or prescribed by a doctor but even with the advances in medical technology they can still cause a lot of health related problems which can be unpleasant such as diarrhea and vomiting. But they are not the only side effects and some can be more harmful than others. These include heart attacks, tremors, strokes, hallucinations and renal failure.

It is always a good idea to see your doctor first before you take any course of drugs; this can lower the possibility of some side effects occurring, although this may depend on the genetic makeup of the person using them. Other problems may also occur when the pills are discontinued. These effects can be equally unpleasant as the side effects occurring as a result of taking weight control pills.

Despite all the bad publicity, weight loss drugs do work but they are more successful if they are used in conjunction with a low calorie diet and regular exercise, preferably using a properly worked out exercise regime. This means eating a good diet containing food from all the food groups that includes vitamins and minerals; fiber can be found in oats, rice, potatoes, cereals, vegetables and fruits.

Exercise can be done in whatever form suits the individual best but it should incorporate fat-burning exercises that will burn up any excess calories. The best exercise plans should have cardiovascular and weight training exercises as this helps burn calories and increase the muscle to fat ratio that will increase a person’s metabolism and assist with weight loss.

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Cholesterol is a waxy, greasy like substance that our body needs in order to produce a number of hormones and cell membrane. There are two types of cholesterol, the good and bad cholesterol. While the good cholesterol is accountable for the proper functioning of our body, the bad cholesterol will lead you to have heart related diseases like coronary heart attack.


Today’s normal diet contributes to problems with high cholesterol. High cholesterol contributes to problems with heart disease and can lead to heart attacks. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs in your liver, and this cholesterol will help make and maintain cells, insulate nerves and produce hormones, and even helps your body to digest fat. The cholesterol you don’t need comes from your food.


Controlling Your Cholesterol


In order to control cholesterol you need to know what the correct levels are you should have at first: a minimum of 40mg/dL or more for the good cholesterol and bad cholesterol should not over 200mg/dL. One thing you should know that cholesterol is not measured depending on your body weight through if your body weight is over the normal levels you may be at risk if you have a high bad cholesterol levels.


You are able to purchase a cholesterol lowering drug over the counter, and then there are some that can only be administered through a prescription by doctor because of their side effects. It is highly suggested that before you even consider taking any type of drug that you should consult your physician first so that they can help you to decide on which cholesterol lowering drug is best for you.


How Cholesterol Medicine Works


Different types of cholesterol medicine are very helpful combined with diet and exercise to lower your cholesterol. Most types of cholesterol medicine are: niacin, statins, bile-acid resins or fibric acid derivatives. Statins is to block the production of cholesterol in your liver; bad cholesterol and triglycerides are then reduced and good cholesterol can be increased a bit.


If you require cholesterol medicine, your doctor may prescribe a statin. Your doctor will then watch for such side effects such as intestinal problems and liver damage. A small handful of people can suffer muscle tenderness.


Niacin, aka nicotinic acid, is a B-vitamin. This cholesterol medicine is a natural ingredient in food and is also added to some manufactured foods. Higher doses can be prescribed. Niacin lowers bad cholesterol and raises good cholesterol. Side effects such as flushing, itching, tingling and headache may happen. Bile-acid resins work within the intestine.


Bile is largely composed of cholesterol. Ideally, your body should make good cholesterol, integrate it into the bile which travels into the intestine and is reabsorbed for distribution throughout your bloodstream. Bile-acid resins bind to bile to prevent its reabsorption. Side effects like constipation, gas and stomach upset may be encountered. Fibrates limit production of triglycerides and can help increase good cholesterol.


All cholesterol medicine has side effects such as digestive problems, allergic reactions and muscle aches. The most dangerous side effect of cholesterol medicine is signalled by muscle aches. You shouldn’t take more than one kind of cholesterol medicine at a time or take them with anticoagulants. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can hinder with the metabolization of cholesterol medicine. Over the long term, effective cholesterol medicine can help you maintain a healthy life.


Taking The Right Cholesterol Medication


If you have determined that you have high cholesterol through a doctor, you may want cholesterol medication to help lower your cholesterol levels back to a normal or healthier level. Your physician, along with suggesting a cholesterol medication, should also advise that you make some lifestyle choices that will change the way you live your life and the food you eat to help mould it to a better and healthier environment for your cholesterol levels. With the right medication and the right lifestyle changes, you should be able to get back to a reasonable level of health in a period of time.


The thing to know about cholesterol medication is that it can be quite costly. It can also feature a host of side effects that may be difficult, so always consult a doctor before you take any sort of medication. Do not continue taking medication if you observed a side effect. Consult with your doctor at once and you should stop your medication for any reason. It is important to also follow all of the information on the medication itself so that you can prevent any problems that may arise from improperly taking your medication.


Other Ways to Lower Your Cholesterol


Most foods that we eat everyday contain cholesterol such as, poultry, meats, eggs, butter and milk. The trick to eat all those items and still keep your cholesterol levels low is to minimize your quantities. Once you require taking a cholesterol lowering drug, you need to watch your diet closer and take necessary measures not to reach in an emergency situation.

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Erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs like Kamagra, Caverta,Meltabs, Apcalis, and Edegra have become the household names that every man in this world knows. ED drugs give the man a hard and rigid erection that remains for the ample period during the sexual intercourse. The main constituent observed in these ED drugs is Sildenafil, Tadalafil, or Vardenafil. ED drugs solve the main problem of lack of blood supply to the penis by supplying excessive amount of blood to the penis during the sexual intercourse. Along with the treatment of erectile dysfunction, the ED drugs also have some health benefits.

The health benefits we get after taking the ED drugs are as follows:

1. The first and the most important benefit of ED drugs is that you start enjoying your sexual life. You start to get involved in the sex more frequently than before. Because of more sex your burn the extra calories and fat that were not necessary for your body. It improves your stamina and you don’t feel tired.

2. ED drugs improve the blood circulation in the body along with the penis and solves the problem of high and low blood pressure. Due to the increased blood flow, the arteries that were blocked with plaque gets open up and you are saved from the diseases like atherosclerosis.

3. According to latest research, ED drugs makes your heart healthy. People who have previously suffered with the heart disorders, after taking the ED drugs have found the development of resistance to the heart disorders and the proper functioning of the heart is observed.

4. People having the problems of irregular of uneven heartbeats have observed a tremendous recovery from this problem after taking the dosage of ED Drugs regularly under the doctor’s supervision.

5. Ed drugs increases the frequency of sex among the couples and increases the immunity of the both the partners. The individuals who do sex more than thrice a week develops the antibody IgA is more amount in their body. Thus, these couples makes themselves free from the common cold and flue.

6. The intake of ED drugs on regular basis keeps the diabetes in control of the individuals who were suffering with the higher level of sugar in the body. Both Type I and Type II diabetes are found to controlled through the intake of low dosage of ED drugs on regular basis.

7. ED drugs are found to effective in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia that is increase in size of the prostate in middle-aged and elderly men. The intake of Ed drugs on regular basis along with the erection problems also reduces enlarged size of prostate in men and also treats the symptoms of the benign prostatic hyperplasia.

8. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in Men can be treated with the help of the Ed drugs. LUTS is observed generally among the old men but nowadays is also seen in the young men. ED drugs when taken in the low concentration for the 10-12 days as per the doctor’s prescription showed a considerable relief in the patients suffering from LUTS. ED drugs when taken treated the symtoms of LUTS like frequency and urgency of urination.

9. Men get indulge in the sex more times due to the ED drugs and thus the weight of the man as well as his female partner is kept in control. Because of low weight men and women remains fit and fine. The chances of suffering with obesity are reduced.

10. ED drugs can be used in the treatment of High altitude pulmonary edema associated with altitude sickness such as that suffered by mountain climbers.

Thus along with the treatment of erectile dysfunction, ED drugs has many health benefits and thus are very good for health if taken as per the recommended dosage.

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To compare the role of glibenclamide and pioglitazone drugs in type 11 non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
Introduction:-

Diabetes comes from the greek word for ‘SIPHON” which one is the first term and implies for a lot of urine is made .The trm “mellitus” comes from a laton word, “met” which means “honey” and was used because the urine was sweet (Wheeler,2004)

Diabetic ketaocidosis is one of life threatening condition requiring some data hospitalization and treatment. Recognition of this condition is of almost importance, because even small delays can have an impact on survival (Nattrass, 2006). Hypoglycaemia are involved in insulin induced episodes in individuals with diabetes. Probably the major factor prescribing, insulin treated patient from achieving the glucose targets needed to prevent diabetic complications. The incidence of hypoglycaemia reflects the inadequancy of current mathods of insulin delievery which lead ot inappropriately high insulin concentration, particularly some persons after eating more foods at night onset of blindness and also a major risk factor heart disease and stroke

(Heller, 2003).

TYPES OF DIABETE MELLITUS

TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM):

Type I diabetes affect children of all ages, both sexes and all athenic groups. type 1 diabetes usually occurs by mechanisms. It is most common metabolic condition in children and adolescents (Bui, 2004). Type1diabetes is characterized by immune mediated destruction of pancreatic b -cells resulting in insulin deficiency. This results in a common biochemical end point of hyperglycaemia and risk of ketoacidosis, but the clinical presentaion varies, widely depending on the rate and degree of b -cells failure (Lambert & Bingley. 2005).

Type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM):

Type II diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder associated with, b -cells dysfunction and with varying degree of insulin resistance primary pathogenic factors leading insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes and decreased insulin, secretion which arise from abnormalities with in liver, skeletal muscle and pancreatic b -cells (charles & clark, 1996).

GESTATIONAL DIABETUS MELLITUS

Women who develop glucose intolerance in late pregnancy and womens who with previously undiagnosed diabetes.
SECONDARY DIABETUS MELLITUS:
Secondary diabetes is due to disease of the pancreatic and endocrime system, genetic disorders, or exposure to chemical agents.

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insluin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that produces inslulin

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insulin dependent diabetes(IDDM),is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produces insulin.Type-1 diabetes occures most often in children and young adults but it can occures at any age.(Anderson et al 2007).

Type-11 diabetes is not straight uprward. A pancreas that does not produce enough insulin. Liver that release too much glucose,muscle cells that do not readily take in glucose.(Carren 2008)

Many genetic factors are involved in the development of diabetes.Because of new genetic methodology researchers are closers to identifying all of the cadidate gene for both non –insulin dependent and insulin dependent diabetes(Bernhard,1995).

Woman who had gestation diabetes are more likely to develop Type-11diabetes themselves.Pergnant women with diabetes are another disadvantaged group.They need much more intensive antenatal care and close monitoring of blood sugar,blood pressure and weight.(jawed2006)

Over weight children the progression of child obesity into adulthood is associated with early develop of complications, including IgpG2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Type diabetes is the most common clinical form of diabetes accountingforabout 90% of all cases,it is currently undergoing world wide epidemic. Type 11diabetes mellitus is caused by body’s infective use of insulin, it is often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity(WHO 2007).

PREVALACES& IINCIDENCE

Diabetes mellitus increases with aging, in 200 the prevalance of diabetes,it was estimated to be 0.19% people<20 years old and 8.6% in people>20 years old.There is considered geographic variation in the incidence of both type-1 and type-11 diabetes mellitus.Scavandinvian has the highest incidence of type-1 diabetes mellitus e.g in Finland, the incidence is 35/100,000 per year the pacific rim has a much lower rate in japan and china the incidence is 1 to 3/100,00 per year of type-1 diabetes mellitus, Northern Europe and the United States share an intermediate rate (8to17/100,000 per year).The prevalence of type 11 diabeties mellitus is highest in certain pacific island, intermediate in countries such as India and the United States, and relatively low in Russia and China.This variability is likely due to genetic, beharioral and enviromental factors(Power 2005).Diabettes mellitus prevalance also arises among different ethic population within a given countries it is common inall ethnic groups its prevalance increased with age and more than 5% of individuals of more than 65 years of age have diabetes mellitus (David Owerback 1988).The World wide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically over past two decades.The prevalence of type11 diabettes mellitus is expected, type 11 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among Hispanies Native Americas,African,American,and Asians, pacific Islanders than in non- Hispanic whites,the incidence is essentially equal in woman and men in all populations. Type 11 diabetes is becoming increasingly common because people are living longer,and the prevalence of diabetes increases with age it is also seen more frequently now than before in young people, in association with the rising prevalenceof childhood obesity although type11 diabetes still countries with the estimated nubers of cases of diabetes in 2000and 2030.

Rank Country

2000 Individuals country with diabetes (milloins)

Country

2030 Individuals with diabtes (Million)

India

31.7

India

79.47

China

20.8

China

42.3

USA

17.7

USA

30.3

Indonesia

8.4

Indonesia

21.3

Japan

6.8

Pakistan

13.9

Pakistan

5.2

Brazil

11.3

Russian federation

4.6

Bangladesh

11.1

Brazil

4.6

Japan

8.9

Italy

4.3

Philippines

7.8

Bangladesh

3.2

Egypt

6.7

(Wareham& FOROUHI 2OO6)

DRUG TREATMENT OF DIABETIES MELLITUS
Biguanides lower blood glucose, they increase glucose uptake and utilize in skeletal muscle there by reducing insulin resistance, and reduce hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis).Lower blood glucose, addionally reduces low denisity and very low denisity lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) respectively. Metformin has a half life of about 3 hours and is excreted unchanged in the urine.Clinically metformin used in type 2 diabetic who are obese and who fail treatment with diet alone.Adverse effects are produced dose related gastrointestinal disturbances e.g anorexia,diarrhoea,nausea,lactic acidosis rare but potentially fatal toxic effect.(Dale,2003).

Improving insulin sensitivity by activating certain genes involved in fat synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism Rosigilitazone and Piogiltazone are currently approved.Thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone,although they are usually taken in combination with sulfonylurease.

In some incouraging studies, thaiazolidiniones have produced very favorable effects on the heart, including reducing blood pressure and improving triglycerides and cholestrol levels including increasing HDL level,the good cholestrol. They may also block a molecule called 11 Best HSK that may play a significant role in metabolic syndrome,as well as diabetes type11. One study also sugessted that Rosiglitazone may even improve beta cells functions and so help prevent progression of diabetes.Anemia, weight gain, increased risk of fluid buildup, may worson heart failure.Troglitazone,was withdrawn after a few reports of heart failure.Liver failure abd death.Current Thiazoldinediones don not appear to pose the same effects on the liver although there have been a few reports of liver injury.

In patients with dietry failur the choice of a sulfonylurea agent or insulin therapy has been controversial and empric in favour of insulin therapy are the studies, who reported marked improvement post receptor diagnostic after intensive short term therapy in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (Scarlett et al,1984) Sulfonylureas further classified into two groups or generations based on their potency,duration,drug interaction,side effects profiles. Sulfonylureas enhance insulin action in cells in culture and stimulate the synthesis of glucose transporters (Jacobes et al 1998).A sulfonylurea drug should normally be the insulin secretagogue of choice, NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) also recommends that a generic ,drug should be perscribed (Scsade et al1998).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in the deprtment of Pharmacololgy and Therapeutics,Basic Medical Science Institute,Jinnah,Postgraduate Medical Centre,karachi under kind supervision od DRr:GhulamRsool Mashori,Associate Professoer and Head OF Department Of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in colloboration with Medical Outpatient Department Unit111 and Filter Clinic, Medical Department, JPMC,Karachi.

Seventy NIDDM (type-II)diabetic patients were initially enrolled in the study from the filter clinic/ out patient department Medical Unit III ,and diabetic clinic.Out of this 60 diabetic patients were associated in whole period of study, remaining 10 patients were dropped due to poor comlpiance or change in residential place.All the patients were divided in two main groups,groupI and in group II these patients were selected in this study according of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

INCLUSION CRITERIA

Newly diagnose patients of non Insulin Dependent Diabtes Mellitus.

Diagnsed patients of diabetes also including having no any history medication.

Having either sex of age between 30 to 60 years.

Diagnosed patients who were Non Insulin Depedent Diabetes Mellitus who were treated with Pioglitazone.

Diagnosed patients who were Non Imsulin Depedent Mellitus, who were treated with drug Glibenclamide.

EXCLUSION CRIRERIA

Patients suffering from blood pressure.

Patients suffering from liver disease.

Patients suffering from cardiac disease.

Pregnancies and lactating women.

Patient suffering from renal disorders.

Patients having serious complications.

MATERIAL:

Lacets.

Lancet Hlder(Abbots easy touch TM2 lot 03 Asee).

Glucometer(Medisense) optilim one touch(Abbotts).

Blood glucose nest trpis (IVD for Invitro diagnostic use (Abbott Labortries,Medisense UK Ltd,Abigngdon,Ox14ITR,Masde in UK). Stored between minimum 30?, (4°-30° C) and Maximum 40°C (39°-86°F).

Weight Machine Model No 1101 Lot No.312. TANTIATA.

DRUGS

Tab:Daonil 5 mg (Aventis Pharma)

Drug category:Sulphonylurea.

Generic Name: Glibenclamide.

MFGLIC:No.000007 RegistrationNO.000220

MFG Date:0-06

EXP Date:7-10

Lot NO:B230

Tab:piozer (Hilton Pharm) PvtLTd.

Tab:Poizer 15mg

Drug category:Thaiazolinedione.

Generic Name:Pioglitazone Hydrochloride.

MFG LIC: O.000136 Registration No.03270

MFG Date:3-06

EXP Date:3-o9

Lot No:6287

Tab: Poizer (Hilton Pharma)pvt ltd.

PARAMETERS:

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS).

Random Blood Sugar (RBS).

Weight.

Key words:Diabetes mellitus,Non-insulin diabetes mellitus,Insulin depedent diabetes mellitus, Daonil,poizer,Insulin.

RESULTS:

Table 1

Weight and Blood Sugar level observed on baseline day 0

In group1 and group11

Group 1

Group 11

Pioglitazone n=27

Glibenclamide n=33

Weight

63.37

+ 2.25

¯

62.7

+ 15.56

¯

Fasting Blood Sugar

172.7

+ 13.32

¯

188.42

+ 12.o5

¯

Random Blood Sugar

285.11

+ 15 .532

¯

284.18

+ 17.07

¯

All Values are expressed in Means± SEM.

FIGURE-1 weight and blood sugar levels observed on baseline (day-o)

In table No shpwing the weight (KG’S) and blood sugar (msg/dl0 levels which is observed on baseline (day-0) in both groups 9group: 1 & group11)

Group: 1 Weight in (Kg’s) mean + SEM) IS 63.37±2.25 Fasting blood sugar 172.7±13.32,and Random

blood sugar 285.11±15.32

Group:11

Weight (KG’s0 (mean +SEM)62.7±1.56 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl0 188.42±12.05, Random blood sugar is 284.18±17.03.

Figure 2: showing the weight and blood sugar levels observed in base line (day-0) in group: 1 and group 11 weight in 9kg’s) its mean values are 63.37,62.7, Fasting blood sugar in (mg/dl) is 172.71, 188.42 Random blood sugar (mg/dl) is 285.11 &284.18.

TABLE: 2

Peroidic Observation In All Parameters Group1

Goup1(Pioglitazon) n=27

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0to45

Day-45-90

Weight

63.37

±2.25

63.63

±2.26

63.63

±2.23

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

Fasting blood sugar

172.7

±13.32

165.04

±8.98

153.37

±7.59

>0.05

(NS)

0.05

(NS)

Randomblood sugar

285.11

±15.32

279.78

±13.63

255.56

±12.65

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM .(NS) Non significant.

TABLE NO:2

Showing the periodic observations in all parameters in group 1 (piogiltazone) (n+27) weight P.value (day 0 to day 45)>0.05 (NS). Fasting blood sugar >0.05 (NS) Random blood sugar >0.05 (NS) P.values day 90 weight >0.05 (N.S), FBS>0.05 (N.S) 7RBS >0.05(N.S) NON SIGNIFICANT

FIGURE:2 Showing the periodic observation in all parameters in group 1 on day0 day 45& day-90.Mean values in weight (Kg) is 63.37,63.26,63.63, fbs (mg/dl) 172.7,165.04,153.37,RBS(mg/dl) 285.11,279.78,255.56.

TABLE NO3

Peroidic Observation in All Parameters Group11

Group 11 (Glibenclamide)

N=33

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0 to 45

Day-45 to 90

Weight

62.7

±1.56

65.64

±2.10

64.55

±1.92

>0.05(NS)

0.05(NS0

Fasting blood sugar

188.42

±12.05

168.45

±10.99

140.06

±5.68

>0.05(NS)

>0.05(S)

Random blood sugar

284.18

±17.03

220.12

±13.39

170.94

±5.80

<0.005 (MS)

0.002(MS0

(s) significant, (MS) moderate significant

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM.

Table No3:

Showing the periodic observation in all parameter in goup:11, Group:11 containing drug (Glibenclamide),no of patients (n=33).It’s P-value on day 0 to day 45 on weight >0.05(NS),FBS>0.05(N.S) RBS<0.005 (MS) <0.01- AND DAY 45 TO DAY 90 WEIGHT >0.05 (NS) FBS (0.05) RBS <0.002(M.S0 moderately significant.

Figure 3:Shwing the periodic observations in all parameters in Group 11 weight 62.7,65.64,64.55,FBS (MG/DL) 188.42,168.45 140.06,RBS(mg/dl) 284.18 220.12, 170.94 (on day-0-day 45 to 90).

DISCUSSION:

In Denmark Beck-Nielsenet al,skillman TG (1981) published studies demonstation that glyburide increased he number of receptors on the monocytes of patients with type 11 diabetes mellitus. Some patients were treated with diet and in cobination of second generation sulfonyureas agents Wie. The numbers of insulin receptors all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Intrvenous glucose test shows the persistent impairent of insulin secretion afterthe starting of drug therapy.However those patient who were on drug Pioglitazone some results were obtained of insulin secretion in the impairment in early drug drug therapy.Clinical observations have suggested that the second generation sulfonylureas may exert their effects by potentiating insulin released by other primary stimulators Insulin secreting drug.

According to the study of WilliamC Dukworth et al(1972), aftr the chronic treatment with sulfonylureas it is well documented that plasma insulin levels were decreased in response to oral glucose load. This apparently occures even though glucose tolerance is improved over pre-treatment, levels,present study clearly support that study.

The result og group 11 correlates with the research conducted by Bonnie &Kimmel (2005) produces the same results as FBS reduces from baseline, and at the end of study,with an overall 23.44%,reduction,while with the results showed at the end of study peroid p-value were (p<0,001).

Similarly Michael Alvarsson et al (2003) conducted a similar type of study and the found and overall changes of change of 22.11% in Fbs and 40.88% in Rbs at the end of trial p-value were (p<0.001).

However a study conducted by (Stone &Brown in (2003) didnot match to our results in the parameter of FBS and observer a reduction of 26.22%.

CONCLUSION:

In the light of study discussion it is obiovus the glibenclamide was more effective,tolerable and safer than pioglitzone in a short duration.Diabetes Mellitus is chronic prolong disease for whole life.Poor community can afford it easily,on base of marketing of this drug in pakistan diabetes patients easily go and purchase economically,in fact ,mostly people buy it from pharmacy without dr’s perscription,because pharmacist and patient both of know about this disease.Just like dispirin as analgesic,it is famous anti-diabetic drug in our states as compared of other anti-diabetic drugs.

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Anderson J,Kendall,Perryman.S etal,”Diet and Diabettes” Diabetes 2006,16(3):17-19-

Bui H- Type 1 diabetes in childhood-Medicine 2006,3 ,1-3

Bernhard –Diabetes-type 11 diabetes mellitus Diabetes care 1995,19(100:12-17-

Clark CM-Oral therapyin type11 diabetes-pharmacological properties and clinical use of current use of currently available agents-Diabetes spectrum 1998,11(4):211-221.

Carren M.Types of Diabetes mellitus-Diabettes 2006 10 (3),07-

David Owerback NJ-Prevalence in diabetes population-Diabetes 1988,02(6):31-32

Dale MM,-Treatment of Diabetes mellitus –pharmacology 20035th edition:287-391.

Heller SR –Hypoglycemic in diabetes Ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic-Medicine 2006:34(03):102-110.

Jawad F Untraveling the mystry of Diabetes’Diabetes 2006;15(3):13-15.

Jacobes D-Insulin-Diabetes 1998;6(3);1160126.

Lambert and Bingliy-basic facts-medicine 2006,34(6):3-7.

Natters M-Ketoacdosis and hyperglycemia-Medicine 2006;34(3):104-106.

Power AC-Epidemiology of type11 diabetes Basic facts of diabetes –Diabetes 2005;1(1)7-9

Scarlet Oral therapy in type 11 diabetes sulfonylureas 1984;16(10);3-9.

Schade DS et al A placebo controlled randomized study of glimepiride in patients of Diabetes mellitus- Diabetes 19998, 38(7);636-641.

Warchman and Forouhi-Epidimology of Diabetes- Diabetes basic facts- Medicine 2006 ;34(2);57-60

Wheeler Gd- Aaccident dicovery led to the noble prize for canadian reseachers,2005,01-02.

WHO Report-Health-Diabetes Mellitus-Defiition and types of Diabetes 2007;1:1-4.

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